ArticlePerspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science2021
Invalid Claims About the Validity of Implicit Association Tests by Prisoners of the Implicit Social-Cognition Paradigm.
Article in Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy of interventions aimed at reducing explicit and implicit weight bias in healthcare students: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- A reply to "Fundamental issues in epistemic injustice in healthcare" by Nielsen, Nordgaard & Henriksen (2025) : Corresponding author.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2026Article
- Changing the narrative: stories reduce biases against anomalous faces.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Are Auditory-Perceptual Evaluations of Dysphonia by Experienced Voice Clinicians Affected by Knowledge of Speaker Race?American journal of speech-language pathology · 2025Article
- Explicitly unbiased large language models still form biased associations.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Are we capturing individual differences? Evaluating the test-retest reliability of experimental tasks used to measure social cognitive abilities.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Concerns About Theorizing, Relevance, Generalizability, and Methodology Across Two Crises in Social Psychology.International review of social psychology · 2025Article
- An implicit measure of growth mindset uniquely predicts post-failure learning behavior.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Creating Implicit Measure Stimulus Sets Using a Multi-Step Piloting Method.Methods and protocols · 2023Article
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- Ethnic discrimination unlearned: experience in the repeated Trust Game reduces trust bias.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Guidelines for assessment of affect-related constructs.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
- It's time to do more research on the attitude-behavior relation: A commentary on implicit attitude measures.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science · 2022Article
- Processing of an Audiobook in the Human Brain Is Shaped by Cultural Family Background.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Explicit and Implicit Measures of Identity Diffusion in Adolescent Girls With Borderline Personality Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Evaluation of a Virtual Health Equity Training for Mid-Career Primary Healthcare Providers.Journal of medical education and curricular developmentArticle
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Abstract
In a prior publication, I used structural equation modeling of multimethod data to examine the construct validity of Implicit Association Tests. The results showed no evidence that IATs measure implicit constructs (e.g., implicit self-esteem, implicit racial bias). This critique of IATs elicited several responses by implicit social-cognition researchers, who tried to defend the validity and usefulness of IATs. I carefully examine these arguments and show that they lack validity. IAT proponents consistently ignore or misrepresent facts that challenge the validity of IATs as measures of individual differences in implicit cognitions. One response suggests that IATs can be useful even if they merely measure the same constructs as self-report measures, but I find no support for the claim that IATs have practically significant incremental predictive validity. In conclusions, IATs are widely used without psychometric evidence of construct or predictive validity.
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