ReviewImmunological reviews2021
In search of biomarkers for leprosy by unraveling the host immune response to Mycobacterium leprae.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Predictive Role of Biomarkers for Leprosy Prophylaxis in Contacts of Patients Who Are Indices of the Disease: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Pooled it
- An update on leprosy immunopathogenesis: systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Accuracy of rapid point-of-care serological tests for leprosy diagnosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2022Pooled it
- Integrated skin-lesion transcriptomics prioritises biomarker-candidate host-response genes with pharmacological annotation in leprosy type 1 reaction.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a biomarker in erythema nodosum leprosum: A systematic review and meta-analysis.New microbes and new infections · 2026Review
- Article
- Serum geoepidemiology of leprosy biomarkers in a city-wide COVID-19 survey in Brazil.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Advancing leprosy risk prediction through identification of a whole blood host transcriptomic biomarker signature including non-coding genes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Leprosy elimination: are we winning the fight or losing focus?Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Decoding leprosy: immune response, clinical manifestations and emerging diagnostic approaches.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2025Review
- Identifying promising peptide targets for leprosy serological tests: From prediction to ELISA.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Plasma irisin levels in newly diagnosed leprosy patients: a case-control study.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Article
- LRRK2-mediated NLRC4 phosphorylation differentially regulates IL-1β/IL-18 secretion.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Slit skin smear versus anti-phenolic glycolipid-I serology in diagnosis of leprosy: a cross sectional study.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Article
- Leprosy.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Review
- Sequential trypsin and ProAlanase digestions unearth immunological protein biomarkers shrouded by skeletal collagen.iScience · 2024Article
- MicroRNA biomarkers in leprosy: insights from the Northern Brazilian Amazon population and their implications in disease immune-physiopathology.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Article
- Xenophagy as a Strategy forPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Whole mitogenome sequencing uncovers a relation between mitochondrial heteroplasmy and leprosy severity.Human genomics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, is still actively transmitted in endemic areas reflected by the fairly stable number of new cases detected each year. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of leprosy is challenging, especially at an early stage. Improved diagnostic tools, based on sensitive and specific biomarkers, that facilitate diagnosis of leprosy are therefore urgently needed. In this review, we address the challenges that leprosy biomarker research is facing by reviewing cell types reported to be involved in host immunity to M leprae. These cell types can be associated with different possible fates of M leprae infection being either protective immunity, or pathogenic immune responses inducing nerve damage. Unraveling these responses will facilitate the search for biomarkers. Implications for further studies to disentangle the complex interplay between host responses that lead to leprosy disease are discussed, providing leads for the identification of new biomarkers to improve leprosy diagnostics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.