ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Pneumocystis jirovecii Disease: Basis for the Revised EORTC/MSGERC Invasive Fungal Disease Definitions in Individuals Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-HIV Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case report and systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Polymerase Chain Reaction on Respiratory Tract Specimens of Immunocompromised Patients to Diagnose Pneumocystis Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Pooled it
- Infectious Complications in Paediatric Haematopoetic Cell Transplantation for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Current Status.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Outcomes of concomitantAnnals of medicine · 2026Article
- Development of a recombinase-aided amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection ofExperimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Survival in Immunocompromised Adults with Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia: A Multicenter ID-IRI Study.Mycopathologia · 2026Article
- The Role of 1-3-Beta-D-Glucan in Predicting Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Children.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2026Article
- Article
- Asian consensus on diagnostic algorithm for invasive pulmonary fungal diseases in high-burden settings.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2026Article
- Oxygenation-Based Severity Stratification and a Proposed Clinical Diagnostic Workflow for Non-HIVJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Review of SERS-Based Bacterial Detection from Nanomaterials to Integrated Clinical Platforms.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Article
- Blood mNGS: an effective non-invasive diagnostic tool for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- β-Glucans,Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Fragile immunity, fatal foe: A cluster of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia cases in children with haematological malignancies on chemotherapy.Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society · 2026Article
- A diagnostic model for discrimination between Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and colonization based on multiple parameters.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Healthcare-associatedInfection control and hospital epidemiology · 2026Article
- Non-invasive diagnosis of invasive fungal disease with cell-free DNA PCR.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2026Review
- Metagenomic next-generation sequencing to detect Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in critically ill, HIV-negative children: a retrospective multicenter study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Observational
- Biomarkers in Invasive Pulmonary Fungal Infections: Where Do We Stand?Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) causes substantive morbidity in immunocompromised patients. The EORTC/MSGERC convened an expert group to elaborate consensus definitions for Pneumocystis disease for the purpose of interventional clinical trials and epidemiological studies and evaluation of diagnostic tests.
methodsDefinitions were based on the triad of host factors, clinical-radiologic features, and mycologic tests with categorization into probable and proven Pneumocystis disease, and to be applicable to immunocompromised adults and children without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Definitions were formulated and their criteria debated and adjusted after public consultation. The definitions were published within the 2019 update of the EORTC/MSGERC Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease. Here we detail the scientific rationale behind the disease definitions.
resultsThe diagnosis of proven PCP is based on clinical and radiologic criteria plus demonstration of P. jirovecii by microscopy using conventional or immunofluorescence staining in tissue or respiratory tract specimens. Probable PCP is defined by the presence of appropriate host factors and clinical-radiologic criteria, plus amplification of P. jirovecii DNA by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in respiratory specimens and/or detection of β-d-glucan in serum provided that another invasive fungal disease and a false-positive result can be ruled out. Extrapulmonary Pneumocystis disease requires demonstration of the organism in affected tissue by microscopy and, preferably, PCR.
conclusionsThese updated definitions of Pneumocystis diseases should prove applicable in clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiologic research in a broad range of immunocompromised patients without HIV.
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