ReviewFrontiers in surgery2021
Robotics in Spine Surgery: A Technical Overview and Review of Key Concepts.
Review in Frontiers in surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Analysis of root causes of adverse events with Mazor X and Mazor X stealth edition-guided spine surgeries: an FDA MAUDE database study.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Level-specific accuracy of robotic-assisted versus fluoroscopy-assisted lumbar pedicle screw placement: a retrospective comparative cohort study.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Robotic-assisted pedicle screw placement achieves high accuracy and narrows the experience gap: a preclinical evaluation.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Article
- Response to the letter to the editor: Beyond fixation: computational and motion-integrated perspectives on pinless robot-assisted spine surgery.Asian spine journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in ASD treatment.North American Spine Society journal · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a new robotic spinal surgical system for K-wire placement characterized by tracker registration and lateral force sensing.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Article
- A Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing Robot-Assisted and Conventional Fluoroscopy-Guided Pedicle Screw Placement.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Robotic surgery is a new revolution in spinal surgery: a visual bibliometrics analysis.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Article
- Robotic spine surgery compared with fluoroscopic-assisted surgery: advantages, disadvantages, future perspectives.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Article
- Minimally Invasive Surgery in Adult Spinal Deformity and the Future.Global spine journal · 2025Article
- Robot-assisted versus navigated spinal fusion surgery: a comparative multicenter study on transpedicular screw placement accuracy and patient outcomes.Neurosurgical review · 2025Article
- An update on improvement and innovation in the management of adult thoracolumbar spinal deformity.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Review
- Advancing spine surgery: Evaluating the potential for full robotic automation.Brain & spine · 2025Review
- Robotic pedicle screw placement for minimal invasive thoracolumbar spine surgery: a technical note.Frontiers in surgery · 2024Article
- Article
- Comparative Biomechanical Analysis of Unilateral, Bilateral, and Lateral Pedicle Screw Implantation in Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Finite Element Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Robotic Versus Freehand Pedicle Screw Placement After One-to Three-Level Lumbar Fusion.Global spine journal · 2023Article
- Robotics in Cervical Spine Surgery: Feasibility and Safety of Posterior Screw Placement.Neurospine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The use of robotic systems to aid in surgical procedures has greatly increased over the past decade. Fields such as general surgery, urology, and gynecology have widely adopted robotic surgery as part of everyday practice. The use of robotic systems in the field of spine surgery has recently begun to be explored. Surgical procedures involving the spine often require fixation via pedicle screw placement, which is a task that may be augmented by the use of robotic technology. There is little margin for error with pedicle screw placement, because screw malposition may lead to serious complications, such as neurologic or vascular injury. Robotic systems must provide a degree of accuracy comparable to that of already-established methods of screw placement, including free-hand, fluoroscopically assisted, and computed tomography-assisted screw placement. In the past several years, reports have cataloged early results that show the robotic systems are associated with equivalent accuracy and decreased radiation exposure compared with other methods of screw placement. However, the literature is still lacking with regard to long-term outcomes with these systems. This report provides a technical overview of robotics in spine surgery based on experience at a single institution using the ExcelsiusGPS (Globus Medical; Audobon, PA, USA) robotic system for pedicle screw fixation. The current state of the field with regard to salient issues in robotics and future directions for robotics in spinal surgery are also discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.