ArticleFrontiers in immunology2020
Retrospective Analysis of Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy-Associated Cases of Bullous Pemphigoid From Six German Dermatology Centers.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced bullous pemphigoid: a systematic review of clinical characteristics and outcomes based on case reports.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous adverse effects of targeted therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, and immunotherapy in cancer patients: a national consensus statement by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Paraneoplastic pemphigus in primary peritoneal clear cell carcinoma: a multidisciplinary management approach.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Association of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced bullous pemphigoid with underlying cancer type: A lack of association with cancer tissueJID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Article
- The immunophenotype of immune checkpoint-induced bullous pemphigoid: a cohort study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Bullous Pemphigoid in Patients with Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Complicated by Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Case Report of Two Patients and Review of Literature.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Review
- Immuno-oncologyDupilumab for bullous pemphigoid related to immune checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective case series.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Addressing the Needs of Breast Cancer Survivors.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Pemphigoid diseases as immune-related adverse effect following immune checkpoint inhibitors: A clinical case series of a diverse spectrum.JAAD case reports · 2025Article
- Research in practice: Immune checkpoint inhibitor related autoimmune bullous dermatosis.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2025Review
- Case Report: Dupilumab therapy for immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced bullous pemphigoid enables dual immunotherapy initiation in progressive malignant melanoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- PD-L1 expression in keratinocyte and infiltration of CD4 + T lymphocyte can predict a severe type of erythema multiforme major induced by the anti-PD-1 antibody, pembrolizumab.International cancer conference journal · 2024Article
- The Use of Biologic Agents for the Treatment of Cutaneous Immune-Related Adverse Events from Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of Reported Cases.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2024Review
- Associations between dermatologic immune-related adverse event morphologies and systemic immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive treatment: A large retrospective cohort study.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2024Article
- The possible and intriguing relationship between bullous pemphigoid and melanoma: speculations on significance and clinical relevance.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Targeting type 2 inflammation in bullous pemphigoid: current and emerging therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Analysis of the clinical characteristics of pembrolizumab-induced bullous pemphigoid.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Two rare cases of bullous pemphigoid associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.BMJ case reports · 2022Article
- [Trigger factors associated with bullous autoimmune dermatoses].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a class-effect of checkpoint inhibitors (CIs). The development of a Bullous pemphigoid (BP)-like blistering disease, driven by autoantibodies against the hemidesmosomal protein BP180, is a potentially serious irAE whose incidence seems to be increasing. We therefore set out to characterize the clinical and (immuno)histopathological features and treatment responses of cases of BP which developed during or after CI therapy collated in six German tertiary referral centers between 2014 and 2018. We identified twelve cases of BP which emerged during and/or after CI therapy. The time interval between the initiation of CI therapy and the diagnosis of BP was 3-74 weeks (median: 23 weeks). Age at the time of diagnosis of BP varied between 62 and 80 years (median: 76 years). The clinical presentation of the patients was diverse but the severity was relatively mild when compared to that seen in most cases of spontaneous BP. Only four patients met all of the immunopathological criteria recommended in the European guidelines for the diagnosis of BP. Topical corticosteroid treatment was sufficient to achieve disease control in most patients. CI therapy could be continued in 8 out of 12 patients. In summary, our study indicates that cases of BP during or after CI therapy bear several peculiarities distinguishing them from spontaneous BP. Given the diversity of the clinical presentation of CI-induced BP the application of existing diagnostic algorithms developed for spontaneous BP can be utilized to uncover the frequency and features of CI-induced BP and to develop and optimize management algorithms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.