ArticleInternational journal of health sciences
The timed water test of swallowing: Reliability, validity, and normative data from Indian population.
Article in International journal of health sciences. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids and the Timed Water Swallow Test: Reliability, Associations, Age and Gender Effects, and Normative Data
Effect of Biofeedback Tongue Strengthening Program on Tongue Pressure and Swallowing Performance in Elderly With Abnormal Tongue Pressure
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Oral Capsaicinoids on Swallowing Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of oral rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Examining swallowing parameters of the Yale Swallow Protocol in healthy individuals: Establishing Normative Data.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Trial
- Comparative Study of Dysphagia-optimized Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (Do-IMRT) and Standard Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (S-IMRT) and Its Clinical Correlation in Head and Neck Cancer Patients.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Trial
- Article
- Evaluation of Suprahyoid Muscle Thickness, Swallowing Anxiety, and Water-Swallowing Performance in Healthy People with Pill Dysphagia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of swallowing related fatigue on eating and drinking behaviors across the age spectrum.PeerJ · 2026Article
- The impact of VR technology based on swallowing auditory and visual stimulation on swallowing function and satisfaction in stroke patients with swallowing disorders.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2025Article
- Association between swallowing dynamics, tongue pressure and pulmonary function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Assessing Swallowing and Mastication Using the Swallowing Proficiency for Eating and Drinking Protocol Among Healthy Adults.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2024Article
- The Test of Mastication and Swallowing Solids and the Timed Water Swallow Test: Reliability, associations, age and gender effects, and normative data.International journal of language & communication disorders · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesDysphagia post-stroke represents a substantial health issue. The rates of pneumonia are lesser among those individuals who have passed a dysphagia screening test. Only few among the existing screening tests meet the required standards; the timed water swallow test (TWST) is one among them. The purpose of the study was to establish normative data for the TWST in Indian population.
methodsThe present study involved 480 typical individuals in the age range of 8-80.11 years. All the participants performed TWST and indices of volume per swallow, time per swallow, and swallow capacity were obtained for the tasks of normal and rapid swallow across age and gender.
resultsIn the first phase of the study, normative data were obtained and summarized by age and gender. The second phase of the study dealt with additional analyses on measures of reliability and validity. Two-way mixed ANOVA was performed with age and gender as the between-group variables, and normal and rapid swallowing as the within-group variables.
conclusionNormative values for the performance of Indian population on TWST were obtained. The results revealed a significant difference for all the three indices of swallow performance across age, gender, and type of swallowing. These norms can be used as a screening tool for identifying swallowing dysfunction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
33708040PMC7934130What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.