ArticleBehavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology
Context-dependent trait covariances: how plasticity shapes behavioral syndromes.
Article in Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Selection and genetic variation in age-related plasticity drive the erosion of among-individual behavioural correlations in later life.Heredity · 2026Article
- Chiroptera Personality-A Guide for Assessing Personality Variation in Bats: Ecological, Methodological and Statistical Considerations.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Perception of Dog Welfare in Veterinary Students: A Six-Year Study of Ethical Priorities, Cohort Variation, and Influencing Factors.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex-specific but not urbanisation-related behavioural differences in a wolf spider, Pardosa alacris.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Behavioral trait (co)variances and plasticity in response to turbidity in wild zebrafish (Danio rerio).Biology open · 2026Article
- Temporal dynamics and adaptiveness of thermal phenotypic plasticity in a ciliate.Evolution letters · 2025Article
- Estimating (Non)Linear Selection on Reaction Norms: A General Framework for Labile Traits.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Behavioral syndromes in paper wasps: Links between social and non-social personality inCurrent zoology · 2024Article
- Differential metabolic responses in bold and shy sea anemones during a simulated heatwave.The Journal of experimental biology · 2024Article
- Time-specific convergence and divergence in individual differences in behavior: Theory, protocols and analyzes.Ecology and evolution · 2023Review
- Social context mediates the expression of a personality trait in a gregarious lizard.Oecologia · 2022Article
- Quantifying Glucocorticoid Plasticity Using Reaction Norm Approaches: There Still is So Much to Discover!Integrative and comparative biology · 2022Review
- Understanding the unexplained: The magnitude and correlates of individual differences in residual variance.Ecology and evolution · 2021Review
- Heterogeneous responsiveness to environmental stimuli.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
- The effect of heterospecific and conspecific competition on inter-individual differences in tungara frog tadpole (Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
The study of behavioral syndromes aims to understand among-individual correlations of behavior, yielding insights into the ecological factors and proximate constraints that shape behavior. In parallel, interest has been growing in behavioral plasticity, with results commonly showing that animals vary in their behavioral response to environmental change. These two phenomena are inextricably linked-behavioral syndromes describe cross-trait or cross-context correlations, while variation in behavioral plasticity describes variation in response to changing context. However, they are often discussed separately, with plasticity analyses typically considering a single trait (univariate) across environments, while behavioral trait correlations are studied as multiple traits (multivariate) under one environmental context. Here, we argue that such separation represents a missed opportunity to integrate these concepts. Through observations of multiple traits while manipulating environmental conditions, we can quantify how the environment shapes behavioral correlations, thus quantifying how phenotypes are differentially constrained or integrated under different environmental conditions. Two analytical options exist which enable us to evaluate the context dependence of behavioral syndromes-multivariate reaction norms and character state models. These models are largely two sides of the same coin, but through careful interpretation we can use either to shift our focus to test how the contextual environment shapes trait covariances.
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