ArticleScientific reports2021
Apelin promotes blood and lymph vessel formation and the growth of melanoma lung metastasis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond the primary site: Molecular insights and clinical implications of cancer metastatic overlap between lung and urological organ cancers (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Lymphatic Endothelial Cells and Organ-Associated Lymphangiogenesis in Tumor Microenvironment.Cells · 2025Review
- Apelin/APJ: Another Player in the Cancer Biology Network.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Use of Biologics for Targeting GPCRs in Metastatic Cancers.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2025Review
- The role of apelin in cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Elevated serum apelin levels in breast cancer patients: A potential biomarker with limited histopathological correlations.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Immunogenic cell death signatures from on-treatment tumor specimens predict immune checkpoint therapy response in metastatic melanoma.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Identification and Characterization of Metastasis-Initiating Cells in ESCC in a Multi-Timepoint Pulmonary Metastasis Mouse Model.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Apelin modulates inflammation and leukocyte recruitment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Lymphatic vessel: origin, heterogeneity, biological functions, and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Expression of the apelin receptor, a novel potential therapeutic target, and its endogenous ligands in diverse stem cell populations in human glioblastoma.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Apelin receptor antagonist boosts dendritic cell vaccine efficacy in controlling angiogenic, metastatic and apoptotic-related factors in 4T1 breast tumor-bearing mice.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Article
- Hepatic passaging of NRAS-mutant melanoma influences adhesive properties and metastatic pattern.BMC cancer · 2023Article
- ANGPTL2 promotes VEGF-A synthesis in human lung cancer and facilitates lymphangiogenesis.Aging · 2023Article
- Angiopoietin-2 expression and its relationship with lymphangiogenesis and clinicopathological characteristics in cutaneous malignant melanoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Cancer apelin receptor suppresses vascular mimicry in malignant melanoma.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2023Article
- Review
- Apelin-13 Pretreatment Promotes the Cardioprotective Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells against Myocardial Infarction by Improving Their Survival.Stem cells international · 2022Article
- Melanoma Progression under Obesity: Focus on Adipokines.Cancers · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Apelin, a ligand of the APJ receptor, is overexpressed in several human cancers and plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis and growth in various experimental systems. We investigated the role of apelin signaling in the malignant behavior of cutaneous melanoma. Murine B16 and human A375 melanoma cell lines were stably transfected with apelin encoding or control vectors. Apelin overexpression significantly increased melanoma cell migration and invasion in vitro, but it had no impact on its proliferation. In our in vivo experiments, apelin significantly increased the number and size of lung metastases of murine melanoma cells. Melanoma cell proliferation rates and lymph and blood microvessel densities were significantly higher in the apelin-overexpressing pulmonary metastases. APJ inhibition by the competitive APJ antagonist MM54 significantly attenuated the in vivo pro-tumorigenic effects of apelin. Additionally, we detected significantly elevated circulating apelin and VEGF levels in patients with melanoma compared to healthy controls. Our results show that apelin promotes blood and lymphatic vascularization and the growth of pulmonary metastases of skin melanoma. Further studies are warranted to validate apelin signaling as a new potential therapeutic target in this malignancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.