ArticleScientific reports2021
Preclinical efficacy and safety analysis of gamma-irradiated inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neutralizing antibody durability and SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults six months after XBB-containing vaccine booster.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- NOD2 (Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain-Containing Protein 2)-Mediated Modulation of the Immune Response Induced by BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) Bacilli.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparative evaluation of live attenuated and killed tachyzoites as vaccine candidates for toxoplasmosis.AMB Express · 2025Article
- Antibody-dependent enhancement of coronaviruses.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Influenza Virus Inactivated by Heavy Ion Beam Irradiation Stimulates Antigen-Specific Immune Responses.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- 30-Year Development of Inactivated Virus Vaccine in China.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Toxicity and Local Tolerance of a Novel Spike Protein RBD Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2, Produced Using the C1Toxicologic pathology · 2022Article
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 equine F (Ab')Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A Perspective on the Roles of Adjuvants in Developing Highly Potent COVID-19 Vaccines.Viruses · 2022Article
- Off-target effects of bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2: implications for protection against severe COVID-19.Clinical & translational immunology · 2022Article
- Ionizing Radiation Technologies for Vaccine Development - A Mini Review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Safety and Efficacy of Combined Intramuscular/Intranasal RAZI-COV PARS Vaccine Candidate Against SARS-CoV-2: A Preclinical Study in Several Animal Models.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Gamma-irradiated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate, OZG-38.61.3, confers protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in human ACEII-transgenic mice.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- An update review of globally reported SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in preclinical and clinical stages.International immunopharmacology · 2021Review
- Status Report on COVID-19 Vaccines Development.Current infectious disease reports · 2021Review
- Development of the Inactivated QazCovid-in Vaccine: Protective Efficacy of the Vaccine in Syrian Hamsters.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 created an unprecedented health crisis since there is no vaccine for this novel virus. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have become crucial for reducing morbidity and mortality. In this study, in vitro and in vivo safety and efficacy analyzes of lyophilized vaccine candidates inactivated by gamma-irradiation were performed. The candidate vaccines in this study were OZG-3861 version 1 (V1), an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine, and SK-01 version 1 (V1), a GM-CSF adjuvant added vaccine. The candidate vaccines were applied intradermally to BALB/c mice to assess toxicity and immunogenicity. Preliminary results in vaccinated mice are reported in this study. Especially, the vaccine models containing GM-CSF caused significant antibody production with neutralization capacity in absence of the antibody-dependent enhancement feature, when considered in terms of T and B cell responses. Another important finding was that the presence of adjuvant was more important in T cell in comparison with B cell response. Vaccinated mice showed T cell response upon restimulation with whole inactivated SARS-CoV-2 or peptide pool. This study shows that the vaccines are effective and leads us to start the challenge test to investigate the gamma-irradiated inactivated vaccine candidates for infective SARS-CoV-2 virus in humanized ACE2 + mice.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.