Observational studyScientific reports2021
The effect of ABO blood group and antibody class on the risk of COVID-19 infection and severity of clinical outcomes.
Observational study in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for intensive care unit admission among COVID-19 patients in the West Bank, Palestine: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic progression in Ecuador through seroprevalence analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies in blood donors.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- The value of using COVID-19 antibody tests as a potential approach to prioritize vaccination delivery.PloS one · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID status and blood group on complications in patients in hemorrhagic shock.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2024Article
- Association between ABO blood groups and SARS-CoV-2 infection in blood donors of Puglia region.Annals of hematology · 2023Observational
- Vitamin D status and blood group among severe COVID-19 patients.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Homozygous-Recessive Characteristics as a Biomarker of Predisposition for COVID-19.Clinical nursing research · 2023Article
- Blood-Type-A is a COVID-19 infection and hospitalization risk in a Turkish cohort.Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine · 2023Article
- Blood types (ABO/Rhesus) and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective, cross-sectional study in 2828 healthcare workers.Future virology · 2022Article
- ABO blood group and link to COVID-19: A comprehensive review of the reported associations and their possible underlying mechanisms.Microbial pathogenesis · 2022Review
- Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 infection severity with ABO blood groups and RhD antigen: a case-control study.The Journal of international medical research · 2022Observational
- Association of ABO blood group with in-hospital adverse outcome and long term persistent symptoms of COVID-19 infection: A single-center longitudinal observational study.Health science reports · 2022Article
- Correlation between ABO Blood Group Phenotype and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Severity of Disease in a Saudi Arabian Cohort.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2022Article
- Host polymorphisms and COVID-19 infection.Advances in clinical chemistry · 2022Article
- ABO blood grouping and COVID-19: a hospital-based study in Eastern India.The Egyptian journal of medical human genetics · 2022Article
- The association of ABO blood group with the asymptomatic COVID-19 cases in India.Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis · 2021Article
- Article
- Association between blood groups and COVID-19 outcome in Iranian patients.Future virology · 2021Article
- ABO Blood Types and COVID-19: Spurious, Anecdotal, or Truly Important Relationships? A Reasoned Review of Available Data.Viruses · 2021Review
- ABO Blood Group Incompatibility Protects Against SARS-CoV-2 Transmission.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 100 million cases and caused immense burdens on governments and healthcare systems worldwide. Since its emergence in December 2019, research has been focused on treating the infected, identifying those at risk and preventing spread. There is currently no known biological biomarker that predicts the risk of infection. Several studies emerged suggesting an association between ABO blood group and the risk of COVID-19 infection. In this study, we used retrospective observational data in Bahrain to investigate the association between ABO blood group and risk of infection, as well as susceptibility to severe ICU-requiring infection. We found a higher risk associated with blood group B, and a lower risk with blood group AB. No association was observed between blood group and the risk of a severe ICU-requiring infection. We extended the analysis to study the association by antibodies; anti-a (blood groups B and O) and anti-b (blood groups A and O). No association between antibodies and both risk of infection or susceptibility to severe infection was found. The current study, along with the variation in blood group association results, indicates that blood group may not be an ideal biomarker to predict risk of COVID-19 infection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.