SynthesisDiabetes care2021
Meta-analyses of Results From Randomized Outcome Trials Comparing Cardiovascular Effects of SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs in Asian Versus White Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes.
Synthesis in Diabetes care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Efficacy of Pharmacological Interventions for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Between Asian and White Patients: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Racial, ethnic and regional differences in the effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of empagliflozin on cardiac remodelling in South Asian and non-South Asian individuals: insights from the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 randomised clinical trial.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Trial
- Effect of race on cardiometabolic responses to once-weekly exenatide: insights from the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL).Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Trial
- Regional and ethnic influences on the response to empagliflozin in patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: the EMPEROR-Reduced trial.European heart journal · 2021Trial
- Comparative Effectiveness of Current Glucose-lowering Medications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Emulation of a Modified GRADE Trial.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Management of HFpEF in Asian Patients: Evidence from Major Trials on HFpEF Therapeutics.JACC. Asia · 2025Article
- Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: A focus on the metabolic differences among southeast Asian, Chinese and Indian populations and how this impacts treatment.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Review
- Association of novel antihyperglycaemic drugsERJ open research · 2025Article
- Effects of the switch from dulaglutide to tirzepatide on glycemic control, body weight, and fatty liver: a retrospective study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Lower Atrial Fibrillation Risk With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Than With Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Korean circulation journal · 2024Article
- Effectiveness and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in Asian populations.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Article
- ADA-EASD Consensus Report on the Management of Hyperglycaemia in Type 2 Diabetes in an Afro-Asian Context: Broadening the Perspective.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Treatment effect heterogeneity following type 2 diabetes treatment with GLP1-receptor agonists and SGLT2-inhibitors: a systematic review.Communications medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundResults of cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) suggest Asians may derive greater benefit than Whites from newer classes of antihyperglycemic medications. PURPOSE: To provide summary hazard ratio (HR) estimates for cardiovascular efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) stratified by race (Asian vs. White). DATA SOURCES: A systematic review performed in PubMed from 1 January 2015 to 8 December 2020. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized placebo-controlled CVOTs of SGLT2is and GLP-1RAs that reported HRs (95% CIs) for DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: HRs (95% CIs) for selected outcomes in Asians and Whites were extracted from each trial, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to examine differences between the selected outcomes in Asians versus Whites.
resultsIn four SGLT2i trials in type 2 diabetes, the MACE outcome HR (95% CI) in 3,298 Asians versus 20,258 Whites was 0.81 (0.57, 1.04) vs. 0.90 (0.80, 1.00), respectively ( LIMITATIONS: Lack of individual patient-level data, relatively short duration of trial observation, and lack of granular categorization of race within broadly defined Asian subgroups.
conclusionsCompared with Whites, Asians may derive greater CV death/HHF benefit from SGLT2is in patients with HFrEF, and MACE benefit from GLP-1RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.