Trial reportCancer discovery2021
Tilsotolimod with Ipilimumab Drives Tumor Responses in Anti-PD-1 Refractory Melanoma.
Trial report in Cancer discovery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03445533 (A Randomized Phase 3 Comparison of IMO-2125 With Ipilimumab Versus Ipilimumab Alone in Subjects With Anti-PD-1 Refractory Melanoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Phase 3 Comparison of IMO-2125 With Ipilimumab Versus Ipilimumab Alone in Subjects With Anti-PD-1 Refractory Melanoma (ILLUMINATE-301)
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intratumoral Sotigalimab with Pembrolizumab Induces Rapid Activation of Antigen-Presenting Cells and Drives Antitumor Responses in Non-injected Tumors in Metastatic Melanoma: A Phase I/II Study.Cancer discovery · 2026Trial
- BO-112 Plus Pembrolizumab for Patients With Anti-PD-1-Resistant Advanced Melanoma: Phase II Clinical Trial SPOTLIGHT-203.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Trial
- Phase 1b/2 study evaluating safety, efficacy and immune effects of TLR9 agonist cavrotolimod with anti-PD-1 antibodies among patients with advanced solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant vidutolimod and nivolumab in high-risk resectable melanoma: A prospective phase II trial.Cancer cell · 2024Trial
- Updates on intratumoral therapies in melanoma.Cancer · 2026Review
- The Immune Landscape of Acral Melanoma: From Basic to Clinical.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Phase 1b study of ABBV-368, tilsotolimod, budigalimab, and nab-paclitaxel in patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Priorities for local immunotherapy research and drug development.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Dendritic cell immunotherapy advances for solid tumors: Vaccination and modulation.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Review
- Mechanisms and Clinical Significance of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors in Neurological Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Targeting pattern recognition receptors for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Phase Ib Study of Pembrolizumab in Combination with Intratumoral Injection of Clostridium novyi-NT in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- Polarization of Tumor Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2025Review
- The Challenge of Treating Anti-PD-1-Resistant Advanced Melanoma.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2025Review
- Article
- Clinical applications of oligonucleotides for cancer therapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Emerging therapeutics targeting tumor-associated macrophages for the treatment of solid organ cancers.Expert opinion on emerging drugs · 2025Review
- Potentiating intratumoral therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors: shifting the paradigm of multimodality therapeutics.Immuno-oncology technology · 2025Review
- Phase I study of intratumoral administration of CV8102 in patients with advanced melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, or adenoid cystic carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- TLR agonists as adjuvants for viral vaccines: mechanisms, applications, and future directions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
25 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many patients with advanced melanoma are resistant to immune checkpoint inhibition. In the ILLUMINATE-204 phase I/II trial, we assessed intratumoral tilsotolimod, an investigational Toll-like receptor 9 agonist, with systemic ipilimumab in patients with anti-PD-1- resistant advanced melanoma. In all patients, 48.4% experienced grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events. The overall response rate at the recommended phase II dose of 8 mg was 22.4%, and an additional 49% of patients had stable disease. Responses in noninjected lesions and in patients expected to be resistant to ipilimumab monotherapy were observed. Rapid induction of a local IFNα gene signature, dendritic cell maturation and enhanced markers of antigen presentation, and T-cell clonal expansion correlated with clinical response. A phase III clinical trial with this combination (NCT03445533) is ongoing. SIGNIFICANCE: Despite recent developments in advanced melanoma therapies, most patients do not experience durable responses. Intratumoral tilsotolimod injection elicits a rapid, local type 1 IFN response and, in combination with ipilimumab, activates T cells to promote clinical activity, including in distant lesions and patients not expected to respond to ipilimumab alone.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.