Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33707128›Full record

ArticleDifferentiation; research in biological diversity

Molecular mechanisms of estrogen action in female genital tract development.

Myles H Alderman, Hugh S Taylor

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Differentiation; research in biological diversity. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 45% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Decoding Müllerian Duct Epithelial Regionalization.Molecular reproduction and development · 2025
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Estrogen and bacterial infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025
    Review
  5. Estrogen and viral infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Myles H AldermanDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
Hugh S TaylorDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. Electronic address: Hugh.Taylor@yale.edu.
Yale Cancer Center · USYale University · US

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
HOX Gene Expression by Endocrine Disrupting ChemicalsR01ES010610 · NIEHS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI TAYLOR, HUGH SMITH · 2001 to 2011
$2.9M
Environmental Estrogen Induced Epigenetic Alteration of Uterine Stem CellsR01HD076422 · NICHD · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI TAYLOR, HUGH SMITH · 2012 to 2016
$2.0M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD076422NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES010610
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The development of the female reproductive tract can be divided into three parts consisting of Müllerian duct organogenesis, pre-sexual maturation organ development, and post-sexual maturation hormonal regulation. In primates, Müllerian duct organogenesis proceeds in an estrogen independent fashion based on transcriptional pathways that are suppressed in males by the presence of AMH and SRY. However, clinical experience indicates that exposure to xenoestrogens such as diethylstilbestrol (DES) during critical periods including late organogenesis and pre-sexual maturational development can have substantial effects on uterine morphology, and confer increased risk of disease states later in life. Recent evidence has demonstrated that these effects are in part due to epigenetic regulation of gene expression, both in the form of aberrant CpG methylation, and accompanying histone modifications. While xenoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) both can induce non-canonical binding confirmations in estrogen receptors, the primate specific fetal estrogens Estriol and Estetrol may act in a similar fashion to alter gene expression through tissue specific epigenetic modulation.

Indexed as

AnimalsDiethylstilbestrolDNA MethylationEpigenesis, GeneticEstradiolEstrogensFemaleGenitalia, FemaleHumansMullerian DuctsOrganogenesisReceptors, EstrogenUterusDiethylstilbestrolEstradiolEstrogensReceptors, EstrogenBPAEstetrolEstradiolEstriolEstrogenFetal steroidsPregnancySteroidogenesisXenoestrogens

Identifiers

PMID33707128
PMCPMC8073215
OpenAlexW3130243065

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.