ArticleCurrent topics in developmental biology2021
Building the brain from scratch: Engineering region-specific brain organoids from human stem cells to study neural development and disease.
Article in Current topics in developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Organoid intelligence: a promising paradigm for autism spectrum disorder research.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- A modular silk-collagen scaffold to model dorsoventral spinal cord organization using human pluripotent stem cells.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2026Article
- Neurons in a Dish: A Review of In Vitro Cell Models for Studying Neurogenesis.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Review
- Modeling Alzheimer's disease with brain organoids: mechanisms, applications, and future directions.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Exploration of biomaterial and stem cell-based strategies for promoting neuronal regeneration and creating engineered 3D in-vitro disease models.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Current Landscape of Preclinical Models for Pediatric Gliomas: Clinical Implications and Future Directions.Cancers · 2025Review
- Potential Use of Organoids in Regenerative Medicine.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2024Review
- Spatiotemporal expression of thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 and THRA mRNA in human cerebral organoids recapitulating first trimester cortex development.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Novel human neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disease associated with IRF2BPL gene variants-mechanisms and therapeutic avenues.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Advances and Applications of Brain Organoids.Neuroscience bulletin · 2023Review
- Human brain microphysiological systems in the study of neuroinfectious disorders.Experimental neurology · 2023Review
- Organoids for modeling prion diseases.Cell and tissue research · 2023Review
- Opportunities and limitations for studying neuropsychiatric disorders using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Review
- Current progress of cerebral organoids for modeling Alzheimer's disease origins and mechanisms.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Review
- Human Brain Organoids in Migraine Research: Pathogenesis and Drug Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Applications of Brain Organoids for Infectious Diseases.Journal of molecular biology · 2022Review
- Bioengineering the human spinal cord.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- What Makes Organoids Good Models of Human Neurogenesis?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Using 2D and 3D pluripotent stem cell models to study neurotropic viruses.Frontiers in virology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human brain development is an intricate process that involves precisely timed coordination of cell proliferation, fate specification, neuronal differentiation, migration, and integration of diverse cell types. Understanding of these fundamental processes, however, has been largely constrained by limited access to fetal brain tissue and the inability to prospectively study neurodevelopment in humans at the molecular, cellular and system levels. Although non-human model organisms have provided important insights into mechanisms underlying brain development, these systems do not fully recapitulate many human-specific features that often relate to disease. To address these challenges, human brain organoids, self-assembled three-dimensional neural aggregates, have been engineered from human pluripotent stem cells to model the architecture and cellular diversity of the developing human brain. Recent advancements in neural induction and regional patterning using small molecules and growth factors have yielded protocols for generating brain organoids that recapitulate the structure and neuronal composition of distinct brain regions. Here, we first provide an overview of early mammalian brain development with an emphasis on molecular cues that guide region specification. We then focus on recent efforts in generating human brain organoids that model the development of specific brain regions and highlight endeavors to enhance the cellular complexity to better mimic the in vivo developing human brain. We also provide examples of how organoid models have enhanced our understanding of human neurological diseases and conclude by discussing limitations of brain organoids with our perspectives on future advancements to maximize their potential.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.