ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2021
Introduction and spread of variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1) between exotic squirrels and spill-over infections to humans in Germany.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zoos as Sentinels? A Meta-Analysis of Seroprevalence of Terrestrial Mammalian Viruses in Zoos.EcoHealth · 2023Pooled it
- Fatal Dengue Fever in a Traveler Returning from Togo to Germany.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Article
- Distinct 5' UTR Requirements for Translation of the Bicistronic X/P mRNA Among Avian Orthobornaviruses.Microbiology and immunology · 2026Article
- Antagonistic activity against innate immunity determines virulence in mammalian bornaviruses.Npj viruses · 2025Article
- Fatal dengue virus infection in an unvaccinated traveler.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging of human variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1) encephalitis reveals diagnostic pattern indistinguishable from Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) encephalitis but typical for bornaviruses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Human Borna disease virus 1 encephalitis shows marked pro-inflammatory biomarker and tissue immunoactivation during the course of disease.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- Human Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) encephalitis cases in the north and east of Germany.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 at the Human-Animal Interface: Implication for Global Public Health from an African Perspective.Viruses · 2022Review
- Article
- Tissue Distribution of Parrot Bornavirus 4 (PaBV-4) in Experimentally Infected Young and Adult Cockatiels (Viruses · 2022Article
- No Metagenomic Evidence of Causative Viral Pathogens in Postencephalitic Parkinsonism Following Encephalitis Lethargica.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Mapping the evolution of bornaviruses across geological timescales.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Genomic and Micro-Evolutionary Features ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The variegated squirrel bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1) is a recently discovered emerging viral pathogen which causes severe and eventually fatal encephalitis in humans after contact to exotic squirrels in private holdings and zoological gardens. Understanding the VSBV-1 epidemiology is crucial to develop, implement, and maintain surveillance strategies for the detection and control of animal and human infections. Based on a newly detected human encephalitis case in a zoological garden, epidemiological squirrel trade investigations and molecular phylogeny analyses of VSBV-1 with temporal and spatial resolution were conducted. Phylogenetic analyses indicated a recent emergence of VSBV-1 in European squirrel holdings and several animal-animal and animal-human spill-over infections. Virus phylogeny linked to squirrel trade analysis showed the introduction of a common ancestor of the known current VSBV-1 isolates into captive exotic squirrels in Germany, most likely by Prevost's squirrels (
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