ArticleKidney research and clinical practice2021
Elevated levels of soluble ST2 but not galectin-3 are associated with increased risk of mortality in hemodialysis patients.
Article in Kidney research and clinical practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 with mortality and adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2024Pooled it
- Association of serum galectin-3 levels with mortality and cardiovascular disease outcomes in hemodialysis patients: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.International urology and nephrology · 2024Pooled it
- Challenges of Biomarker Application in Patients with Cardiorenal Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Galectin-3 as a prognostic biomarker in haemodialysis patients with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Circulating galectin-3 level association with cardiovascular risk factors during peritoneal dialysis.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2024Article
- Fasting blood glucose and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing hemodialysis.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2024Article
- Emotional and cognitive changes in chronic kidney disease.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe soluble forms of suppression of tumorigenicity-2 (ST2) and galectin-3 have been proposed as novel biomarkers for cardiac fibrosis and heart failure, as well as predictors of cardiovascular events and mortality. However, there are limited data on the association between soluble ST2 and galectin-3 and clinical outcomes in patients with kidney failure on replacement therapy. To determine this, we examined the associations between soluble ST2 and galectin-3 and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients on hemodialysis.
methodsThis study included maintenance hemodialysis patients (over 18 years old) who consented to preserve their serum in the Biobank at our institution between March 2014 and March 2015. We used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to evaluate the associations between soluble ST2, galectin-3 levels, and clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, the secondary outcome was cardiovascular disease, and patients were followed for both outcomes until March 2018.
resultsA total of 296 patients were analyzed in this study. The mean age was 57 ± 13 years, and 53.0% were male. Serum concentration of soluble ST2 was significantly associated with higher mortality, after adjustment for confounding factors, but was not associated with cardiovascular disease. Serum galectin-3 level was not independently associated with either outcome after adjustment.
conclusionElevated soluble ST2 is independently associated with an increased risk of mortality, but not with cardiovascular disease, in patients on hemodialysis. Elevated galectin-3 was not associated with mortality or cardiovascular disease.
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