ReviewCell host & microbe2021
Virus vaccines: proteins prefer prolines.
Review in Cell host & microbe, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed.
- Precise targeting of HIV broadly neutralizing antibody precursors in humans.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Trial
- Systematic exploration of predicted quaternary structures within pandemic-relevant viral proteomes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Structure-based design of stable recombinant hepatitis C virus E1E2 heterodimers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Variant-specific spike conformational dynamics shape memory B cell selection during recall.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Stabilization of the H5 clade 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin improves vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody responses in mice.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms for direct sensing of virus-like antigens by B cells.International immunology · 2026Review
- Isolation and characterization of broadly-neutralizing anti-HCMV-gB antibodies from human donors using a prefusion-stabilized HCMV gB variant.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Cavity-Filling Mutations as a Strategy to Stabilize Prefusion Viral Fusion Proteins for Vaccine Design.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Dominant substitutions underlying the antigenic evolution of H5 influenza virus.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Immunofocusing design of a fusion glycoprotein monomer vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Viro3D: a comprehensive database of virus protein structure predictions.Molecular systems biology · 2025Article
- Induction of HIV-1-specific antibody-mediated effector functions by native-like envelope trimers in humans.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- A modification to heptad repeat 1 of gp41 improves yield and/or quality of soluble pre-fusion HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Highly scalable prefusion-stabilized RSV F vaccine with enhanced immunogenicity and robust protection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Structure of endogenous Pfs230:Pfs48/45 in complex with potent malaria transmission-blocking antibodies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Structure-guided design of a prefusion GPC trimer induces neutralizing responses against LASV.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Development of human mycoplasma vaccines: navigating the IL-17A paradox.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Computational design of prefusion-stabilized Herpesvirus gB trimers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Structures of the Foamy virus fusion protein reveal an unexpected link with the F protein of paramyxo- and pneumoviruses.Science advances · 2024Article
- Beta Spike-Presenting SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particle Vaccine Confers Broad Protection against Other VOCs in Mice.Vaccines · 2024Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Most viral vaccines are based on inducing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the virus envelope or spike glycoproteins. Many viral surface proteins exist as trimers that transition from a pre-fusion state when key NAb epitopes are exposed to a post-fusion form in which the potential for virus-cell fusion no longer exists. For optimal vaccine performance, these viral proteins are often engineered to enhance stability and presentation of these NAb epitopes. The method involves the structure-guided introduction of proline residues at key positions that maintain the trimer in the pre-fusion configuration. We review how this technique emerged during HIV-1 Env vaccine development and its subsequent wider application to other viral vaccines including SARS-CoV-2.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.