Trial reportPloS one2021
Association between childhood maltreatment, psychopathology and DNA methylation of genes involved in stress regulation: Evidence from a study in Borderline Personality Disorder.
Trial report in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research trend of epigenetics and depression: adolescents' research needs to strengthen.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Components of event-related potentials and borderline personality disorder: a meta-analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Pooled it
- Multi-omics characterization of chronic social defeat stress recall-activated nuclei in Arc-GFP mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The mechanism and clinical significance of FKBP5 gene DNA methylation in various psychiatric, metabolic and tumor-related diseases.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- The Epigenetic Landscape of Borderline Personality Disorder: Insights from a Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Adding to the burden: the tendency to resonate with others' stress is linked to higher PTSD symptom severity in individuals with war-related trauma.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Molecular insights into trauma: A framework of epigenetic pathways to resilience through intervention.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- Advances and Challenges in Depression Marker Research.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2025Review
- Differential methylation of OPRK1 in borderline personality disorder is associated with childhood trauma.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Mapping the epigenomic landscape of post-traumatic stress disorder in human cortical neurons.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- The Role of FKBPs in Complex Disorders: Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Cancer, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Cells · 2024Review
- Epigenetic and Coping Mechanisms of Stress in Affective Disorders: A Scoping Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Article
- Potential epigenetic mechanisms in psychotherapy: a pilot study on DNA methylation and mentalization change in borderline personality disorder.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Genetic association of FKBP5 with trait resilience in Korean male patients with alcohol use disorder.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Associations between childhood maltreatment and DNA methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene in immune cells of mother-newborn dyads.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous research suggests that childhood maltreatment is associated with epigenetic modification of genes involved in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) functioning, which could cause dysregulation of the stress response system. If pervasive, this may be associated with the development of stress-related disorder in adults, including affective disorders, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or borderline-personality disorder (BPD). The majority of studies have focused on DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and the FKBP5 encoding gene, which regulates the sensitivity of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). How methylation of NR3C1 and FKBP5 interferes with childhood adversity and psychopathology as well as empathy is an under-researched issue. Here, we sought to investigate the association of childhood maltreatment in a sample of 89 individuals (44 healthy participants and 45 patients diagnosed with BPD) with the methylation of the 1F promoter region of NR3C1 and the intron 7 of FKBP5 as well as with different measures of psychopathology and empathy. Methylation of FKBP5 (bin 2) correlated with anxiety (SCL-90-R) and the global psychopathological symptom load index (GSI), as well as with lower empathic perspective-taking abilities. Psychopathology and empathy impairments correlated with the level of childhood maltreatment. No difference in FKBP5 methylation was observed between the clinical and the non-clinical group. Methylation of NR3C1 was lower in BPD patients compared to controls, yet with small differences. The results are discussed regarding their biological relevance, including possible evolutionary explanations. In short, the regulation of the GR sensitivity by methylation of FKBP5 correlated with psychopathology and empathy scores, while no correlation emerged with the severity of childhood adversity.
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