Trial reportPloS one2021
Belief in sexism shift: Defining a new form of contemporary sexism and introducing the belief in sexism shift scale (BSS scale).
Trial report in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Intertwined Victimhood Narrative and the Challenge to Chinese Men's Gender Role Legitimacy.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A (Political) Battle of the Sexes: Gender Polarization on Gender-Related Attitudes Across 14 Societies.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Article
- Don't rock the boat! Do men prefer women leaders who support the status quo?The British journal of social psychology · 2026Article
- From Privilege to Threat: Unraveling Psychological Pathways to the Manosphere.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Body creams and electric screwdrivers: how counter-stereotypical but trivial tasks trigger gender identity threat.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- "A Recipe for Disaster?": Female-Breadwinner Relationships Threaten Heterosexual Scripts.Sex roles · 2025Article
- Knowledge and comfort predict teaching about sexism in school teachers.Social psychology of education : an international journal · 2025Article
- Gender differences in climate change denial in Sweden: the role of threatened masculinity.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Addressing workplace gender inequality: Using the evidence to avoid common pitfalls.The British journal of social psychology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The belief that the target of sexism has shifted from women to men is gaining popularity. Yet despite its potential theoretical and practical importance, the belief that men are now the primary target of sexism has not been systematically defined nor has it been reliably measured. In this paper, we define the belief in sexism shift (BSS) and introduce a scale to measure it. We contend that BSS constitutes a new form of contemporary sexism characterized by the perception that anti-male discrimination is pervasive, that it now exceeds anti-female discrimination, and that it is caused by women's societal advancement. In four studies (N = 666), we develop and test a concise, one-dimensional, 15-item measure of BSS: the BSS scale. Our findings demonstrate that BSS is related to, yet distinct from other forms of sexism (traditional, modern, and ambivalent sexism). Moreover, our results show that the BSS scale is a stable and reliable measure of BSS across different samples, time, and participant gender. The BSS scale is also less susceptible to social desirability concerns than other sexism measures. In sum, the BSS scale can be a valuable tool to help understand a new and potentially growing type of sexism that may hinder women in unprecedented ways.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.