ArticlePLoS computational biology2021
Health inequities in influenza transmission and surveillance.
Article in PLoS computational biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early-Season Detection of Influenza A(H3N2) Subclade K in Wastewater, Colorado, USA, 2025-2026.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Relationships Between Vaccine Knowledge, Hesitancy, and Conspiracy Beliefs on COVID-19, Influenza, and HPV Vaccination.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Beyond influenza-like-illness: data-driven syndromic surveillance for fine-scale monitoring of seasonal respiratory viruses.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Epidemiological diversity of seasonal influenza and post-COVID-19 pandemic changes in the UK, 2015-2025: a surveillance-based analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Changes in Access to Comprehensive Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Testing in Tennessee From 2019-2024.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Social vulnerability and the risk of respiratory virus infection in households: a case-ascertained study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Individual and neighborhood based socioeconomic factors relevant for contact behaviour and epidemic control.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Changing socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence and case fatality rates of COVID-19 in Germany, March 2020 through May 2022: an ecological study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Social inequalities in vaccine coverage and their effects on epidemic spreading.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal analysis of influenza in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2024.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Neighborhood Disparities in Influenza and Influenza like Illness Hospitalization During Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The global burden of chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus type 2 attributable to diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages among the elderly: a comprehensive analysis from 1990 to 2021.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity of influenza infection at precise scale in Yinchuan, Northwest China, 2012-2022: evidence from Joinpoint regression and spatiotemporal analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- What's next: using infectious disease mathematical modelling to address health disparities.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Spatial effects of public health laboratory emergency testing institutions under COVID-19 in China.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Estimating county-level flu vaccination in the United States.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Attitudes towards booster, testing and isolation, and their impact on COVID-19 response in winter 2022/2023 in France, Belgium, and Italy: a cross-sectional survey and modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2023Article
- Bayesian estimation of the effect of health inequality in disease detection.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- Addressing the socioeconomic divide in computational modeling for infectious diseases.Nature communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The lower an individual's socioeconomic position, the higher their risk of poor health in low-, middle-, and high-income settings alike. As health inequities grow, it is imperative that we develop an empirically-driven mechanistic understanding of the determinants of health disparities, and capture disease burden in at-risk populations to prevent exacerbation of disparities. Past work has been limited in data or scope and has thus fallen short of generalizable insights. Here, we integrate empirical data from observational studies and large-scale healthcare data with models to characterize the dynamics and spatial heterogeneity of health disparities in an infectious disease case study: influenza. We find that variation in social and healthcare-based determinants exacerbates influenza epidemics, and that low socioeconomic status (SES) individuals disproportionately bear the burden of infection. We also identify geographical hotspots of influenza burden in low SES populations, much of which is overlooked in traditional influenza surveillance, and find that these differences are most predicted by variation in susceptibility and access to sickness absenteeism. Our results highlight that the effect of overlapping factors is synergistic and that reducing this intersectionality can significantly reduce inequities. Additionally, health disparities are expressed geographically, and targeting public health efforts spatially may be an efficient use of resources to abate inequities. The association between health and socioeconomic prosperity has a long history in the epidemiological literature; addressing health inequities in respiratory-transmitted infectious disease burden is an important step towards social justice in public health, and ignoring them promises to pose a serious threat.
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