SynthesisInternational journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society2021
Stroke risk following traumatic brain injury: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of stroke after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Acupuncture Is Effective at Reducing the Risk of Stroke in Patients with Migraines: A Real-World, Large-Scale Cohort Study with 19-Years of Follow-Up.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Association Between Recent Mechanical Risk Factors for Venous Thrombosis and Young-Onset Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke.Stroke · 2026Article
- Partner-inflicted brain injury may cognitively age survivors by over a decade.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Sex and Gender Differences in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep During Traumatic Brain Injury Recovery: A Narrative Review.European journal of sport science · 2026Review
- Capillary stalling: A common microvascular pathway to stroke susceptibility and poor recovery.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Review
- Mapping the network structure of dementia and its associated factors among older adults in Singapore: evidence from two national cross-sectional studies.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Anti-seizure medications in patients with post-stroke epilepsy: A survival analysis study.Epilepsia · 2026Article
- Dementia Risk Due to Traumatic Brain Injury in Subtypes of Dementia in the Welsh Population.Neurology · 2025Observational
- Traumatic brain injury persistently increases the incidence of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes: Potential mechanisms.Progress in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Mediators of epilepsy risk after traumatic brain injury: A 20-year U.S. veteran cohort study.Epilepsia · 2025Article
- Association Between Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.NeuroSci · 2025Review
- Women Veterans' Stroke Risk Factors: Identified Prevention Methods and Knowledge Gaps.Military medicine · 2025Article
- From acute injury to chronic comorbidity: Interrupted time series modeling of traumatic brain injury impact among post-9/11 veterans.PloS one · 2025Article
- Emerging biomimetic biopolymer-based composites: advancing accessible and sustainable neural disease models and therapeutics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Stroke Is Not an Accident: An Integrative Review on the Use of the Term Cerebrovascular Accident.Neuroepidemiology · 2025Review
- An umbrella review of health outcomes following traumatic brain injury.Nature. Mental health · 2025Article
- Risk of Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage After Stroke: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTraumatic brain injury is a global health problem; worldwide, >60 million people experience a traumatic brain injury each year and incidence is rising. Traumatic brain injury has been proposed as an independent risk factor for stroke.
aimsTo investigate the association between traumatic brain injury and stroke risk. SUMMARY OF REVIEW: We undertook a systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library from inception to 4 December 2020. We used random-effects meta-analysis to pool hazard ratios for studies which reported stroke risk post-traumatic brain injury compared to controls. Searches identified 10,501 records; 58 full texts were assessed for eligibility and 18 met the inclusion criteria. The review included a large sample size of 2,606,379 participants from four countries. Six studies included a non-traumatic brain injury control group, all found traumatic brain injury patients had significantly increased risk of stroke compared to controls (pooled hazard ratio 1.86; 95% confidence interval 1.46-2.37). Findings suggest stroke risk may be highest in the first four months post-traumatic brain injury, but remains significant up to five years post-traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injury appears to be associated with increased stroke risk regardless of severity or subtype of traumatic brain injury. There was some evidence to suggest an association between reduced stroke risk post-traumatic brain injury and Vitamin K antagonists and statins, but increased stroke risk with certain classes of antidepressants.
conclusionTraumatic brain injury is an independent risk factor for stroke, regardless of traumatic brain injury severity or type. Post-traumatic brain injury review and management of risk factors for stroke may be warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.