ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2021
QSM is an imaging biomarker for chronic glial activation in multiple sclerosis lesions.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative susceptibility mapping in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2024Pooled it
- Brain oxygen extraction fraction mapping in patients with multiple sclerosis.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2022Trial
- A Generalized Approach to Solving Deep Learning-Based Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping and Quantitative Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Magnitude (QSM + qBOLD or QQ) for Oxygen Extraction Fraction (OEF) Mapping Across Diverse Acquisition Schemes.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Quantifying the Impact of Ocrelizumab on Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Optimized Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping at 7T MRI for Assessing Iron Deposition in Alzheimer's Disease.NMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
- Insights From Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: An Umbrella Review of Multiple Sclerosis.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Smoldering neuroinflammation in progressive multiple sclerosis: mechanisms, imaging biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exploring factors driving the evolution of chronic lesions in multiple sclerosis using machine learning.European radiology · 2025Article
- Updates in Multiple Sclerosis Imaging.Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS · 2025Review
- Imaging of Cerebral Iron as an Emerging Marker for Brain Aging, Neurodegeneration, and Cerebrovascular Diseases.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Neurodegeneration correlates of iron-related lesions and leptomeningeal inflammation in multiple sclerosis clinical subtypes.Neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Multiparametric Quantitative MRI Evaluation of Acute and Chronic Multiple Sclerosis Paramagnetic Rim Lesions.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2025Article
- Paramagnetic rim lesion formation is predicted by the initial gadolinium-enhancing lesion diameter.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- Paramagnetic rim lesions in early multiple sclerosis: a 7 Tesla imaging study.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Quantitative susceptibility mapping is more sensitive and specific than phase imaging in detecting chronic active multiple sclerosis lesion rims: pathological validation.Brain communications · 2025Article
- A pilot study assessing the clinical utility of deep learning-reconstructed 3D-echo-planar-imaging-based quantitative susceptibility mapping in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Imaging Outcomes for Phase 2 Trials Targeting Compartmentalized Inflammation.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Review
- Impact of paramagnetic rim lesions on disability and race in multiple sclerosis: mediation analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Observational
- Imaging chronic active lesions in multiple sclerosis: a consensus statement.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInflammation in chronic active lesions occurs behind a closed blood-brain barrier and cannot be detected with MRI. Activated microglia are highly enriched for iron and can be visualized with quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), an MRI technique used to delineate iron.
objectiveTo characterize the histopathological correlates of different QSM hyperintensity patterns in MS lesions.
methodsMS brain slabs were imaged with MRI and QSM, and processed for histology. Immunolabeled cells were quantified in the lesion rim, center, and adjacent normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). Iron
resultsQSM hyperintensity at the lesion perimeter correlated with activated iron
conclusionA high QSM signal outlining the lesion rim but not punctate signal in the center is a biomarker for chronic inflammation in white matter lesions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.