Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33704852›Full record

ArticleJournal of evolutionary biology2021

Selfing rates vary with floral display, pollinator visitation and plant density in natural populations of Mimulus ringens.

Dorothy A Christopher, Jeffrey D Karron, Wendy R Semski, Patrick A Smallwood, Dorset W Trapnell, Randall J Mitchell

Open access · hybridAbstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of evolutionary biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
8.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Divergence of mating systems inPlant diversity · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Dorothy A ChristopherDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8734-2243
Jeffrey D KarronDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0465-8662
Wendy R SemskiDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Patrick A SmallwoodDepartment of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Dorset W TrapnellDepartment of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7184-4700
Randall J MitchellDepartment of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7961-3560
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee · USUniversity of Georgia · USUniversity of Akron · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Variation in selfing rates within and among populations of hermaphroditic flowering plants can strongly influence the evolution of reproductive strategies and the genetic structure of populations. This intraspecific variation in mating patterns may reflect both genetic and ecological factors, but the relative importance of these factors remains poorly understood. Here, we explore how selfing in 13 natural populations of the perennial wildflower Mimulus ringens is influenced by (a) pollinator visitation, an ecological factor, and (b) floral display, a trait with a genetic component that also responds to environmental variation. We also explore whether genetically based floral traits, including herkogamy, affect selfing. We found substantial variation among populations in selfing rate (0.13-0.55). Selfing increased strongly and significantly with floral display, among as well as within populations. Selfing also increased at sites with lower pollinator visitation and low plant density. However, selfing was not correlated with floral morphology. Overall, these results suggest that pollinator visitation and floral display, two factors that interact to affect geitonogamous pollinator movements, can influence the selfing rate. This study identifies mechanisms that may play a role in maintaining selfing rate variation among populations.

Indexed as

PollinationSelf-FertilizationAnimalsBeesFlowersMimulusBombusfloral displaygeitonogamymating systemMimulusplant densitypollen limitationpollinationpollinator visitation rateselfing rate

Identifiers

PMID33704852
PMCPMC8252063
OpenAlexW3135245034

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.