Trial reportAnnals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine2021
A Hybrid Evaluation-Optimization Trial to Evaluate an Intervention Targeting the Intersection of Alcohol and Sex in College Students and Simultaneously Test an Additional Component Aimed at Preventing Sexual Violence.
Trial report in Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04095065 (The Intersection of Alcohol and Sex), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Intersection of Alcohol and Sex: Engineering an Online STI Prevention Program
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrating implementation science and intervention optimization.Implementation science : IS · 2025Article
- Evaluating smoking cessation interventions for people living with HIV in a factorial randomised clinical trial in South Africa using the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) framework: The Tlogela Trial protocol.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Intervention Optimization: A Paradigm Shift and Its Potential Implications for Clinical Psychology.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2024Review
- Optimising psychological treatment for pain after breast cancer: a factorial design study protocol in Denmark.BMJ open · 2023Article
- One view of the next decade of research on behavioral and biobehavioral approaches to cancer prevention and control: intervention optimization.Translational behavioral medicine · 2021Review
- The multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) in child maltreatment prevention research.Journal of child and family studies · 2021Article
- Human-centered design methods to achieve preparation phase goals in the multiphase optimization strategy framework.Implementation research and practiceArticle
- Optimization Methods and Implementation Science: An Opportunity for Behavioral and Biobehavioral Interventions.Implementation research and practiceArticle
- Recruiting and retaining first-year college students in online health research: Implementation considerations.Journal of American college health : J of ACHArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUsing the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST), we previously developed and optimized an online behavioral intervention, itMatters, aimed at reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STI) among first-year college students by targeting the intersection of alcohol use and sexual behaviors. PURPOSE: We had two goals: (a) to evaluate the optimized itMatters intervention and (b) to determine whether the candidate sexual violence prevention (SVP) component (included at the request of participating universities) had a detectable effect and therefore should be added to create a new version of itMatters. We also describe the hybrid evaluation-optimization trial we conducted to accomplish these two goals in a single experiment.
methodsFirst year college students (N = 3,098) at four universities in the USA were individually randomized in a hybrid evaluation-optimization 2 × 2 factorial trial. Data were analyzed using regression models, with pre-test outcome variables included as covariates in the models. Analyses were conducted separately with (a) immediate post-test scores and (b) 60-day follow-up scores as outcome variables.
resultsExperimental results indicated a significant effect of itMatters on targeted proximal outcomes (norms) and on one distal behavioral outcome (binge drinking). There were no significant effects on other behavioral outcomes, including the intersection of alcohol and sexual behaviors. In addition, there were mixed results (positive short-term effect; no effect at 60-day follow-up) of the SVP component on targeted proximal outcomes (students' self-efficacy to reduce/prevent sexual violence and perceived effectiveness of protective behavioral strategies).
conclusionsThe hybrid evaluation-optimization trial enabled us to evaluate the individual and combined effectiveness of the optimized itMatters intervention and the SVP component in a single experiment, conserving resources and providing greatly improved efficiency.
trial registrationNCT04095065.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.