ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2022
Differences in COVID-19-Related Testing and Healthcare Utilization by Race and Ethnicity in the Veterans Health Administration.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Research Agenda to Mitigate Racial and Ethnic Disparities in U.S. Critical Care Medicine: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Excessive daytime sleepiness and mortality: racial/ethnic variations in a large cohort of veterans.Sleep medicine · 2025Article
- The Saga of COVID-19 in Chronic Lung Disease: History Repeats Itself.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2024Article
- Factors associated with delayed diagnosis of symptomatic adult COVID-19 cases presenting to primary care: a population-wide study during transition from Delta to Omicron BA.1 in Singapore.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- Disease and social factors associated with healthcare utilization for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections in a longitudinal cohort of essential workers in Arizona.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Developing a Parsimonious Frailty Index for Older, Multimorbid Adults With Heart Failure Using Machine Learning.The American journal of cardiology · 2023Article
- Inflammatory Biomarkers Differ among Hospitalized Veterans Infected with Alpha, Delta, and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Disparities in Wait Times for Care Among US Veterans by Race and Ethnicity.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Race, ethnicity, and utilization of outpatient rehabilitation for treatment of post COVID-19 condition.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Validation of a Natural Language Processing Algorithm for the Extraction of the Sleep Parameters from the Polysomnography Reports.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Smoking Status and Factors associated with COVID-19 In-Hospital Mortality among US Veterans.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Observational
- Geographic and temporal variation in racial and ethnic disparities in SARS-CoV-2 positivity between February 2020 and August 2021 in the United States.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Health care experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic by race and social determinants of health among adults age ≥ 58 years in the REGARDS study.BMC public health · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
importanceRecent reports indicate differences in COVID-19-related care and outcomes between Black and White Americans.
objectiveWe examine the COVID-19-related healthcare utilization and mortality by race and ethnicity of patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA).
designA retrospective cohort study.
settingWe used the VHA COVID-19 shared data resources between February 1 and June 30, 2020.
participantsVeterans tested for SARS-CoV-2 virus by VHA. EXPOSURE(S): Three racial-ethnicity groups of Black, Hispanic, and White (as reference) veterans. MAIN OUTCOME(S) AND MEASURE(S): Main outcomes are testing rate, positivity rate, hospitalization rate, ICU admission rate, and in-hospital mortality. Controlling for sex, age, and Elixhauser comorbidity index, we report adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) from logistic regression models.
resultsOf the 8,667,996 active veteran enrollees, 252,702 were tested by VHA from February to June, 2020, with 20,500 positive results and 4,790 hospitalizations. The testing rate was 4.4% among Black and 4.7% among Hispanic veterans compared to White veterans, 2.8%. The testing positivity rate was similarly elevated among Black (12.2%) and Hispanic (11.6%) veterans compared to White veterans (6.0%). The aORs of hospitalization in Black veterans (1.88; 95% CI 1.74, 2.03) and Hispanic veterans (1.41; 95% CI 1.25, 1.60) were higher compared to White veterans. No significant differences by race and ethnicity were observed in OR or aOR of ICU admission and in-hospital death among hospitalized patients. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: On a national level, the VHA was more likely to test and hospitalize Black and Hispanic veterans compared to White veterans, but there were no significant differences in ICU admission or in-hospital mortality among those hospitalized. This pattern of differences may relate to social determinants of health, factors affecting access to non-VHA care, or preferences for VHA care affecting initial care seeking, but not in-hospital outcomes.
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