ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2021
Schizophrenia and the Environment: Within-Person Analyses May be Required to Yield Evidence of Unconfounded and Causal Association-The Example of Cannabis and Psychosis.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unhealthy behaviors associated with mental health disorders: a systematic comparative review of diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Mapping the exposome of mental health: exposome-wide association study of mental health outcomes among UK Biobank participants.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Associations between digital media use and psychotic experiences in young adults of Quebec, Canada: a longitudinal study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- The Role of Cannabis in the Development of Psychosis.Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry · 2024Review
- The association between reasons for first using cannabis, later pattern of use, and risk of first-episode psychosis: the EU-GEI case-control study.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Changes in patterns of age-related network connectivity are associated with risk for schizophrenia.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Recreational Marijuana Use, Adolescent Cognitive Development, and Schizophrenia Susceptibility.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Auditory Hallucinations and Self-Injurious Behavior in General Population Adolescents: Modeling Within-Person Effects in the Tokyo Teen Cohort.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- Ethnoracial Variation in Risk for Psychotic Experiences.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2023Article
- Dopamine, Psychosis, and Symptom Fluctuation: A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Digital phenotyping correlations in larger mental health samples: analysis and replication.BJPsych open · 2022Article
- Childhood maltreatment mediates the effect of the genetic background on psychosis risk in young adults.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Development of a Mobile Assessment Tool for Understanding Social Comparison Processes Among Individuals With Schizophrenia: Two-Phase Survey Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- Changes in Expression of DNA-Methyltransferase and Cannabinoid Receptor mRNAs in Blood Lymphocytes After Acute Cannabis Smoking.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Using Experience Sampling Methodology Data to Characterize the Substance Use of Youth With or At-Risk of Psychosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Editorial: Gone to Pot: Examining the Association Between Cannabis Use and Medical/Psychiatric Disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- The Exposome Paradigm to Understand the Environmental Origins of Mental Disorders.Alpha psychiatry · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hypotheses about the link between cannabis use and psychosis apply to the within-person level but have been tested mostly at the between-person level. We used a within-person design, in which a person serves as his own control, thus removing the need to consider confounding by any fixed (genetic and nongenetic) characteristic to study the prospective association between cannabis use and the incidence of attenuated psychotic experiences, and vice versa, adjusted for time-varying confounders. We combined 2 general population cohorts (at baseline: Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study, n = 1395; Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2, n = 6603), which applied a similar methodology to study cannabis use and attenuated psychotic experiences with repeated interviews (T0, T1, T2, and T3) over a period of approximately 10 years. The Hausman test was significant for the adjusted models, indicating the validity of the fixed-effects model. In the adjusted fixed-effects model, prior cannabis use was associated with psychotic experiences (aOR = 7.03, 95% CI: 2.39, 20.69), whereas prior psychotic experiences were not associated with cannabis use (aOR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.21, 1.71). Longitudinal studies applying random-effects models to study associations between risk factors and mental health outcomes, as well as reverse causality, may not yield precise estimates. Cannabis likely impacts causally on psychosis but not the other way round.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.