Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33692893›Full record

SynthesisJournal of global health2021

The prevalence of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.

Peige Song, Mingming Zha, Qingwen Yang, Yan Zhang, Xue Li, Igor Rudan, Global Health Epidemiology Reference Group (GHERG)

3 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of global health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 381 papers, 17 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
381citing papers in PubMed, 17 pooled it
69.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06064032 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Comparing The Effects Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy And Motor Learning Technique in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

TypeinterventionalSponsorShalamar Institute of Health SciencesRan2023 to 2023Enrolled36ConditionsAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderArmscognitive behavioral therapy, Motor Learning Techniques
NCT06679010 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

A Therapist-guided Online-delivered Group Counseling Program for Pregnant Women and New Mothers With ADHD: A Feasibility Study of AMOR; ADHD, Mothers Online Resources

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Southern DenmarkRan2025 to 2025Enrolled31ConditionsPregnancy, Mother, Women, Attention Deficit Disorder With HyperactivityArmsOnline group counseling
NCT06858527 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder / Substance Use Disorder Comorbidity in Integrated Treatment: Effectiveness and Feasibility

TypeinterventionalSponsorAssistance Publique - Hôpitaux de ParisRan2025 to 2029Enrolled132ConditionsAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Substance-related DisorderArmsTAU+integrated group CBT
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

381 citing papers in PubMed, 17 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 756 citations in OpenAlex.

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  20. Effectiveness ofPsychological medicine · 2026
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321 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Peige SongSchool of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Mingming ZhaMedical School Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Qingwen YangMedical School Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Yan ZhangFaculty of Life Science and Medicine, Kings College London, London, UK.
Xue LiSchool of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Igor RudanCentre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Global Health Epidemiology Reference Group (GHERG)
Southeast University · CNZhejiang University · CNKing's College London · GBUniversity of Edinburgh · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAdult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has recently attracted much attention, however, an up-to-date estimation on the prevalence of adult ADHD is lacking. In this study, we aimed to assess the global prevalence of adult ADHD in the general population through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

methodsPubMed, Medline, Embase and PsycINFO were searched to identify relevant articles published from January 2000 onwards. Population-based studies that were conducted in the general adult population and quantified the prevalence of adult ADHD were included.

resultsThe prevalence of persistent adult ADHD (with a childhood onset) and symptomatic adult ADHD (regardless of a childhood onset) both decreased with advancing age. By adjusting for the global demographic structure in 2020, the prevalence of persistent adult ADHD was 2.58% and that of symptomatic adult ADHD was 6.76%, translating to 139.84 million and 366.33 million affected adults in 2020 globally.

conclusionsThis study provides an up-to-date estimation of the global prevalence of both persistent and symptomatic adult ADHD. A well-defined strategy for diagnosing adult ADHD and large-scale investigations on the epidemiology of adult ADHD are needed.

Indexed as

Attention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityAdultChildHumansPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID33692893
PMCPMC7916320
OpenAlexW3132099480

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.