SynthesisFrontiers in psychiatry2021
Treatment of Agitation With Lorazepam in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06370442 (Intranasal Dexmedetomidine vs. Standard of Care for Emergency Department), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine vs. Standard of Care for Emergency Department (ED) Procedural Sedation in the Older Adult
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- GRADE-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Emergency Department Delirium Risk Stratification, Screening, and Brain Imaging in Older Patients With Suspected Delirium.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026Guideline
- "Pharmacological management of acute agitation in psychiatric patients: an umbrella review".BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Graph-Theoretical Approach for Predicting Physicochemical Properties of Stiff-Person Syndrome Drugs.ChemistryOpen · 2026Article
- The Neuropsychiatric Disturbances of Delirium: A Review of Syndromes and Their Treatment.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2026Review
- A real-world pharmacovigilance study of lorazepam based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Racial disparities with PRN medication usage in inpatient psychiatric treatment.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Liquid antipsychotics in the management of psychomotor agitation: a focus on promazine.Drugs in context · 2024Review
- Characterizing PRN Use of Psychotropic Medications for Acute Agitation in Canadian Long-Term Care Residents with Dementia Before and During COVID-19.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2023Article
- Which Emergent Medication Should I Give Next? Repeated Use of Emergent Medications to Treat Acute Agitation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Impact of the Medication Shortages on Psychiatric Patients: Exploring the Consequences of Lorazepam Injection Scarcity.Innovations in clinical neuroscienceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acute agitation is a frequent occurrence in both inpatient and outpatient psychiatric settings, and the use of medication to calm a patient may be warranted to mitigate the situation. Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine that is widely used for management of acute agitation. Despite its widespread use, there is remarkably little clinical evidence for the benefits of lorazepam in acute agitation. We performed a systematic review with focus on lorazepam, including all randomized clinical trials on lorazepam in mental and behavioral disorders, excluding studies on dementia and pediatric patients and in mixed conditions. A total of 11 studies met inclusion criteria, and all were in patients with mental and behavioral disorders. Most trials generally found improvements across a variety of outcomes related to agitation, although there was some disparity if specific outcomes were considered. In the five studies with haloperidol, the combination of lorazepam and haloperidol was superior to either agent alone, but with no differences between monotherapy with the individual agents. In the study comparing lorazepam to olanzapine, olanzapine was superior to lorazepam, and both were superior to placebo. As expected, the safety of lorazepam among the different studies was consistent with its well-characterized profile with dizziness, sedation, and somnolence being the most common adverse events. Based on this structured review, lorazepam can be considered to be a clinically effective means of treating the acutely agitated patient.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.