Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33692618›Full record

ArticleClinical interventions in aging2021

Cognitive Frailty and 30-Day Mortality in a National Cohort of Older Chinese Inpatients.

Xiao-Ming Zhang, Jing Jiao, Chen Zhu, Na Guo, Ying Liu, Dongmei Lv, Hui Wang, Jingfen Jin, Xianxiu Wen, Shengxiu Zhao and 2 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical interventions in aging, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. External validation of an AI-based preoperative frailty index using real-world data.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025
    Article
  6. Prevalence and associated factors of cognitive frailty in older patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy: a cross-sectional study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Xiao-Ming Zhang *Department of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
Jing Jiao *Department of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
Chen ZhuDepartment of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
Na GuoDepartment of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
Ying LiuDepartment of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
Dongmei LvDepartment of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
Hui WangDepartment of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
Jingfen JinDepartment of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Xianxiu WenDepartment of Nursing, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
Shengxiu ZhaoDepartment of Nursing, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, People's Republic of China.
Xin-Juan WuDepartment of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences - Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan Campus), Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
Tao XuDepartment of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, People's Republic of China.
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · CNPeking Union Medical College Hospital · CNHuazhong University of Science and Technology · CNQinghai Provincial Peoples Hospital · CNSecond Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University · CNSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeStudies exploring the association of cognitive frailty and mortality have been mainly based on community settings or nursing home settings. The aim of our study was to explore the association between cognitive frailty and 30-day mortality among older Chinese inpatients. PATIENTS AND

methodsA national cohort study was performed in different hospitals in China. A baseline survey was conducted from October 2018 and February 2019. Trained investigators collected the 30-day mortality. Cognitive impairment and frailty were defined by the Mini-Cog and FRAIL scale, respectively. Multivariate regression was used to explore the association between cognitive impairment and frailty status with 30-day mortality.

resultsOf these participants, there were 3891 (41.91%) women and 5392 (58.09%) men, with an average age of 72.41 (SD=5.72). The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 5.44%. After adjusting for age, gender, education, depression and activities of daily living (ADL), the odds ratios (ORs) for 30-day mortality among inpatients were 3.43 (95% CI: 1.80-6.55) for cognitive frailty, 1.85 (95% CI: 1.01-3.41) for frailty only, and 1.43 (95% CI: 0.77-2.65) for cognitive impairment only compared to the reference group (neither frailty nor cognitive impairment). In addition, the discrimination of 30-day mortality was higher among patients with cognitive frailty (area under the curve =0.676 [95% CI: 0.621-0.731]) than either frailty (area under the curve =0.644 [95% CI: 0.594-0.694]) or cognitive impairment (area under the curve = 0.606 [95% CI: 0.556-0.655]) separately. Stratified analysis showed that these associations still existed when grouped by gender.

conclusionOur study found that Chinese inpatients with cognitive frailty had a higher risk of 30-day mortality than those without frailty and cognitive impairment, suggesting that clinicians should be encouraged to perform early screening of patients with frailty and cognitive impairment and carry out effective interventions to reverse cognitive frailty syndrome.

Indexed as

Activities of Daily LivingAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsChinaCognitive DysfunctionFemaleFrail ElderlyFrailtyGeriatric AssessmentHumansInpatientsLongitudinal StudiesMaleMental Status and Dementia TestsOdds RatioChinese; inpatientscognitive impairmentfrailtymortalityolder adults

Identifiers

PMID33692618
PMCPMC7939486
OpenAlexW3134743963

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.