ArticlemSphere2021
Original Antigenic Sin: the Downside of Immunological Memory and Implications for COVID-19.
Article in mSphere, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms Underlying the Induction of Immunological Imprinting by RNA Viruses and Intervention Strategies.Viruses · 2026Review
- Factors determining the outcomes of immune imprinting after repeated orthoflavivirus infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Receptor Binding Domain-Specific B Cell Memory Responses Among Individuals Vaccinated Against SARS-CoV-2.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Waning immunity and IgG4 responses following bivalent mRNA boosting.Science advances · 2024Article
- Harnessing preexisting influenza virus-specific immunity increases antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Non-cross-reactive epitopes dominate the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination - kinetics of plasma antibodies, plasmablasts and memory B cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Sequential Administration of SARS-CoV-2 Strains-Based Vaccines Effectively Induces Potent Immune Responses against Previously Unexposed Omicron Strain.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Weighted gene co-expression network-based identification of genetic effect of mRNA vaccination and previous infection on SARS-CoV-2 infection.Cellular immunology · 2023Article
- Direct, indirect, post-infection damages induced by coronavirus in the human body: an overview.Virusdisease · 2022Review
- Roles for Pathogen Interference in Influenza Vaccination, with Implications to Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) and Attribution of Influenza Deaths.Infectious disease reports · 2022Review
- Fatal COVID-19 outcomes are associated with an antibody response targeting epitopes shared with endemic coronaviruses.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Neutralization capacity of antibodies elicited through homologous or heterologous infection or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Projecting the SARS-CoV-2 transition from pandemicity to endemicity: Epidemiological and immunological considerations.PLoS pathogens · 2022Review
- [Possible effect of the "original antigenic sin" in vaccination against new variants of SARS-CoV-2].Revista clinica espanola · 2022Article
- Allelic variation in class I HLA determines CD8Science immunology · 2022Article
- Association between IgG responses against the nucleocapsid proteins of alphacoronaviruses and COVID-19 severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Vaccine-Induced Immune Imprinting Reduces Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody Response in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Journal of immunology research · 2022Article
- Brain cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants by a lentiviral vaccine in new transgenic mice.EMBO molecular medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The concept of original antigenic sin (OAS) was put forth many years ago to explain how humoral memory responses generated against one set of antigens can affect the nature of antibody responses elicited to challenge infections or vaccinations containing a similar but not identical array of antigens. Here, we highlight the link between OAS and the germinal center reaction (GCR), a process unique to activated B cells undergoing somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination. It is the powerful response of activated memory B cells and the accompanying GCR that establish the foundations of OAS. We apply these concepts to the current COVID-19 pandemic and put forth several possible scenarios whereby OAS may result in either beneficial or harmful outcomes depending, hypothetically, on prior exposure to antigens shared between SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal human coronaviruses (hCoVs) that include betacoronaviruses (e.g., HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1) and alphacoronaviruses (e.g., HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1) (E. M. Anderson, E. C. Goodwin, A. Verma, C. P. Arevalo, et al., medRxiv, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227215; S. M. Kissler, C. Tedijanto, E. Goldstein, Y. H. Grad, and M. Lipsitch, Science 368:860-868, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb5793).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.