ArticleScience advances2021
Virtual pollination trade uncovers global dependence on biodiversity of developing countries.
Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- A 2000-2023 dataset for measuring China's biodiversity risk.Data in brief · 2026Article
- Article
- Wild Insects Contribute More to Mango Pollination and Yield than Exotic Honeybees During Induced Off-Season Flowering in Southern Mexico.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dissection of genetic basis underlying heat stress response of Apis cerana.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Yield vulnerability of low-income smallholders to pollinator declines in Brazil is biome-dependent.PloS one · 2025Article
- Key tropical crops at risk from pollinator loss due to climate change and land use.Science advances · 2023Article
- The importance of multi-year studies and commercial yield metrics in measuring pollinator dependence ratios: A case study in UK raspberriesEcology and evolution · 2023Article
- From science to society: implementing effective strategies to improve wild pollinator health.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Review
- Regional and local determinants of drought resilience in tropical forests.Ecology and evolution · 2022Review
- Updating the list of flower-visiting bees, hoverflies and wasps in the central atolls of Maldives, with notes on land-use effects.Biodiversity data journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nations' food consumption patterns are increasingly globalized and trade dependent. Natural resources used for agriculture (e.g., water, pollinators) are hence being virtually exchanged across countries. Inspired by the virtual water concept, we, herein, propose the concept of virtual biotic pollination flow as an indicator of countries' mutual dependence on biodiversity-based ecosystem services and provide an online tool to visualize trade flow. Using information on 55 pollinator-dependent crop markets (2001-2015), we show that countries with higher development level demand high levels of biodiversity-based services to sustain their consumption patterns. Such patterns are supported by importation of virtual biotic pollination (up to 40% of national imports of pollinator-dependent crops) from developing countries, stimulating cropland expansion. Quantifying virtual pollination flow can help develop new global socioeconomic policies to meet the interconnected challenges of biodiversity loss, ecosystem health, and social justice.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.