Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33692108›Full record

ArticleScience advances2021

Shaping quantum photonic states using free electrons.

A Ben Hayun, O Reinhardt, J Nemirovsky, A Karnieli, N Rivera, I Kaminer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Tunable quantum light by modulated free electrons.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Creating large Fock states and massively squeezed states in optics using systems with nonlinear bound states in the continuum.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Optical-cavity mode squeezing by free electrons.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2022
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

A Ben HayunDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Solid State Institute, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-3111
O ReinhardtDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Solid State Institute, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7667-3621
J NemirovskyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Solid State Institute, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3466-4174
A KarnieliSackler School of Physics, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
N RiveraDepartment of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-1468
I KaminerDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Solid State Institute, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. kaminer@technion.ac.il.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2691-1892

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

It is a long-standing goal to create light with unique quantum properties such as squeezing and entanglement. We propose the generation of quantum light using free-electron interactions, going beyond their already ubiquitous use in generating classical light. This concept is motivated by developments in electron microscopy, which recently demonstrated quantum free-electron interactions with light in photonic cavities. Such electron microscopes provide platforms for shaping quantum states of light through a judicious choice of the input light and electron states. Specifically, we show how electron energy combs implement photon displacement operations, creating displaced-Fock and displaced-squeezed states. We develop the theory for consecutive electron-cavity interactions with a common cavity and show how to generate any target Fock state. Looking forward, exploiting the degrees of freedom of electrons, light, and their interaction may achieve complete control over the quantum state of the generated light, leading to novel light statistics and correlations.

Identifiers

PMID33692108
PMCPMC7946371

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.