ArticleJournal of clinical pathology2022
CXCR4/ACKR3/CXCL12 axis in the lymphatic metastasis of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in Journal of clinical pathology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in the metabolism of axillary lymph node cells as a predictor of regional metastasis in breast cancer.World journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Phenotypic alterations in the immune system and tolerance induction in tumor-draining lymph nodes.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- CXCR4/CXCL12 blockade therapy; a new horizon in TNBC therapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- New genetic and epigenetic insights into the chemokine system: the latest discoveries aiding progression toward precision medicine.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2023Review
- Reprogramming of sentinel lymph node microenvironment during tumor metastasis.Journal of biomedical science · 2022Review
- Current Status ofDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsVulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) spreads early and mainly locally
methodsTumour and LN tissue samples were obtained from 46 patients with VSCC and 51 patients with premalignant vulvar lesions. We assessed CXCR4, ACKR3 and CXCL12 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the tissue samples. Additionally, CXCL12 levels were determined by ELISA in the sera of 23 patients with premalignant lesions, 37 with VSCC and 16 healthy volunteers.
resultsCXCR4 and ACKR3 proteins were virtually absent in vulvar precancers, while in VSCC samples the IHC staining was strong. In the LNs of patients with VSCC, 98% of metastatic cells expressed CXCR4 and 85% expressed ACKR3. Neither CXCR4 nor ACKR3 presence was correlated with tumour human papilloma virus status. Few CXCL12-positive cells were found in the analysed tissue samples, but serum CXCL12 levels were significantly increased in both patients with premalignant vulvar lesions and with VSCC compared with healthy volunteers.
conclusionsIt appears that during progression and lymphatic spread of VSCC, the CXCR4/ACKR3/CXCL12 axis is activated. Moreover, our data suggest that CXCR4 antagonists merit further attention as a possible therapeutic option in patients with VSCC.
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