Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33691788›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2021

Characteristics and diversity of mutations in regulatory genes of resistance-nodulation-cell division efflux pumps in association with drug-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.

Bahare Salehi, Zohreh Ghalavand, Abbas Yadegar, Gita Eslami

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  3. Large-scale combination screens reveal small-molecule sensitization of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  5. A decade of genomic and phenotypic adaptation of carbapenem-resistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
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  6. Article
  7. Article
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  10. Frontiers in microbiology · 2024
    Review
  11. The tigecycline resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacilli.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024
    Review
  12. Efflux-Related Carbapenem Resistance inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Occurrence and characterization of plasmids carryingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Fitness Costs of Tigecycline Resistance inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Bahare SalehiInfectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Zohreh GhalavandDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. zghalavand@sbmu.ac.ir.
Abbas YadegarFoodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. a.yadegar@sbmu.ac.ir.
Gita EslamiDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study was aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and expression of three putative resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)-type efflux systems and their contribution to multidrug efflux in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.

methodsAntimicrobial susceptibility testing of 95 A. baumannii isolates was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion for 18 antibiotics and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin was determined by the broth microdilution method. Moreover, the MIC of five classes of antibiotics was assessed using E-test strips in the presence and absence of phenylalanine-arginine beta-naphthylamide (PAβN). Regulatory genes of the RND efflux pumps (adeRS, adeL, adeN and baeSR) were subjected to sequencing. The relative expression of adeB, adeG and adeJ genes was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).

resultsOverall, the majority of isolates (94%) were extensively drug-resistant (XDR). In the phenotypic assay, efflux pump activity was observed in 40% of the isolates against multiple antibiotics mainly tigecycline. However, we found no efflux activity against imipenem. Several amino acid substitutions were detected in the products of regulatory genes; except in AdeN. Of note, G186V mutation in AdeS was found to be associated with overexpression of its efflux pump. No insertion sequences were detected.

conclusionsOur findings outlined the role of RND efflux pumps in resistance of A. baumannii to multiple antibiotics particularly tigecycline, and pointed out the importance of a variety of single mutations in the corresponding regulatory systems. Further studies are required to decipher the precise role of RND efflux pumps in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of A. baumannii.

Indexed as

Genes, RegulatorAcinetobacter baumanniiAgedBacterial ProteinsCell DivisionDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialGene Expression Regulation, BacterialHumansIranMaleMembrane Transport ProteinsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedMutationAdeB protein, Acinetobacter baumanniiBacterial ProteinsMembrane Transport ProteinsAcinetobacter baumanniiEfflux pumps inhibitorRND-type efflux pumpsTwo-component systems

Identifiers

PMID33691788
PMCPMC7944621
OpenAlexW3119700551

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.