Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33691701›Full record

SynthesisInternational journal for equity in health2021

Measuring health inequalities: a systematic review of widely used indicators and topics.

Sergi Albert-Ballestar, Anna García-Altés

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal for equity in health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Challenges and Limitations in Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Pooled it
  3. Socioeconomic inequalities in health-related quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic: a six-country comparison using the EQ-5D-5 L.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
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  16. Perinatal Health Inequalities in the Industrial Region of Estonia: A Birth Registry-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Health disparities in Russia at the regional and global scales.International journal for equity in health · 2021
    Article
  19. Population Kidney Health. A New Paradigm for Chronic Kidney Disease Management.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Sergi Albert-BallestarCatalan Health System Observatory, Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya (AQuAS), 81-95 (2a planta), 08005, Barcelona, Spain.
Anna García-AltésCatalan Health System Observatory, Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya (AQuAS), 81-95 (2a planta), 08005, Barcelona, Spain. agarciaaltes@gencat.cat.ORCID 0000-0003-3889-5375

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAccording to many conceptual frameworks, the first step in the monitoring cycle of health inequalities is the selection of relevant topics and indicators. However, some difficulties may arise during this selection process due to a high variety of contextual factors that may influence this step. In order to help accomplish this task successfully, a comprehensive review of the most common topics and indicators for measuring and monitoring health inequalities in countries/regions with similar socioeconomic and political status as Catalonia was performed.

methodsWe describe the processes and criteria used for selecting health indicators from reports, studies, and databases focusing on health inequalities. We also describe how they were grouped into well-known health topics. The topics were filtered and ranked by the number of indicators they accounted for.

resultsWe found 691 indicators used in the study of health inequalities. The indicators were grouped into 120 topics, 34 of which were selected for having five indicators or more. Most commonly found topics in the list include "Life expectancy", "Infant mortality", "Obesity and overweight (BMI)", "Mortality rate", "Regular smokers/tobacco consumption", "Self-perceived health", "Unemployment", "Mental well-being", "Cardiovascular disease/hypertension", "Socioeconomic status (SES)/material deprivation".

conclusionsA wide variety of indicators and topics for the study of health inequalities exist across different countries and organisations, although there are some clear commonalities. Reviewing the use of health indicators is a key step to know the current state of the study of health inequalities and may show how to lead the way in understanding how to overcome them.

Indexed as

Health Status DisparitiesHealth Status IndicatorsQuality of LifeHumansSocial ClassSocioeconomic FactorsHealth indicatorsHealth inequalitiesHealth policyReview

Identifiers

PMID33691701
PMCPMC7945367

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.