ReviewBMC biotechnology2021
Exosomes for mRNA delivery: a novel biotherapeutic strategy with hurdles and hope.
Review in BMC biotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanomaterial Strategies for Pulmonary Delivery of Immunotherapeutics in Lung Cancer Treatment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Combination of exosome vaccines, lenvatinib, and anti-PD-1 eradicates tumor in autochthonous hepatocellular carcinoma mice.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Condensates on the Move: Midbody Remnants as Large, Translation-Competent Extracellular Vesicles.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Engineered Exosomes in Precision Neuro-Oncology: Mechanisms, Therapeutics, and Translational Challenges.Cancers · 2026Review
- Comparison of light scattering-based detection methods for the sizing and number density characterization of extracellular vesicles (EV) isolated from human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell cultures.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Article
- Dermal Fibroblasts-derived Exosomes Alleviated Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Neonatal Rats Partially by Regulating Autophagy.Current stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Precision Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles as Programmable Carriers for mRNA Therapeutics.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Engineered extracellular vesicles demonstrate altered endocytosis and biodistribution and have superior oral siRNA delivery efficiency compared to lipid nanoparticles.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicle-Based mRNA Therapeutics and Vaccines.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Advances of exosome regulating‑FXR to repair inflammatory bowel disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Safety Evaluation and Biodistribution of Fetal Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in Sprague Dawley Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles as drug and gene delivery vehicles in central nervous system diseases.Biomaterials science · 2025Review
- Developing mRNA Nanomedicines with Advanced Targeting Functions.Nano-micro letters · 2025Review
- Current trends in theranostic applications of extracellular vesicles in cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Beginning of a new era of synthetic messenger RNA therapeutics: Comprehensive insights on mRNA drug design, development and applications.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Amniotic fluid-derived stem cells: potential factories of natural and mimetic strategies for congenital malformations.Stem cell research & therapy · 2024Article
- Interleukin-12 Delivery Strategies and Advances in Tumor Immunotherapy.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Landscape of exosomes to modified exosomes: a state of the art in cancer therapy.RSC advances · 2024Review
- EGR3 Inhibits Tumor Progression by Inducing Schwann Cell-Like Differentiation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the past decade, therapeutic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have emerged as a highly promising new class of drugs for protein replacement therapies. Due to the recent developments, the incorporation of modified nucleotides in synthetic mRNAs can lead to maximizing protein expression and reducing adverse immunogenicity. Despite these stunning improvements, mRNA therapy is limited by the need for the development of safe and efficient carriers to protect the mRNA integrity for in vivo applications. Recently, leading candidates for in vivo drug delivery vehicles are cell-derived exosomes, which have fewer immunogenic responses. In the current study, the key hurdles facing mRNA-based therapeutics, with an emphasis on recent strategies to overcoming its immunogenicity and instability, were highlighted. Then the immunogenicity and toxicity of exosomes derived from various cell sources were mentioned in detail. Finally, an overview of the recent strategies in using exosomes for mRNA delivery in the treatment of multiple diseases was stated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.