Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33691109›Full record

ArticleCell reports2021

Adhesion strength and contractility enable metastatic cells to become adurotactic.

Benjamin Yeoman, Gabriel Shatkin, Pranjali Beri, Afsheen Banisadr, Parag Katira, Adam J Engler

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
4.7field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Microengineered Gradient Hydrogels for Mechanobiology.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Physiomimetic culture bias durotaxis toward soft environments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
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  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Implications of Cellular Mechanical Memory in Bioengineering.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2023
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Benjamin YeomanDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA.
Gabriel ShatkinDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Pranjali BeriDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Afsheen BanisadrBiomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Parag KatiraDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Computational Sciences Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA. Electronic address: pkatira@sdsu.edu.
Adam J EnglerDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: aengler@ucsd.edu.
University of California San Diego · USSan Diego State University · US

Funding

Contemporary Approaches to Cancer Cell Signaling and CommunicationT32CA009523 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI DONOGHUE, DANIEL J, YANG, JING · 1985 to 2025
$12.1M
Biomaterial Mimicry of Dynamic Matrix Stiffening During Tumor ProgressionR01CA206880 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ENGLER, ADAM J, YANG, JING · 2016 to 2020
$1.8M
Developing Adhesome Technology as a Physical Marker of Highly Metastatic CellsR21CA217735 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI ENGLER, ADAM J · 2018 to 2020
$623k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA206880NCI NIH HHS R21 CA217735NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009523
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Significant changes in cell stiffness, contractility, and adhesion, i.e., mechanotype, are observed during a variety of biological processes. Whether cell mechanics merely change as a side effect of or driver for biological processes is still unclear. Here, we sort genotypically similar metastatic cancer cells into strongly adherent (SA) versus weakly adherent (WA) phenotypes to study how contractility and adhesion differences alter the ability of cells to sense and respond to gradients in material stiffness. We observe that SA cells migrate up a stiffness gradient, or durotax, while WA cells largely ignore the gradient, i.e., adurotax. Biophysical modeling and experimental validation suggest that differences in cell migration and durotaxis between weakly and strongly adherent cells are driven by differences in intra-cellular actomyosin activity. These results provide a direct relationship between cell phenotype and durotaxis and suggest how, unlike other senescent cells, metastatic cancer cells navigate against stiffness gradients.

Indexed as

ActomyosinBiomechanical PhenomenaCell AdhesionCell Line, TumorCell MovementHumansHydrogelsNeoplasm MetastasisNeoplasmsPhenotypeActomyosinHydrogelsacto-mysoin contractilitycarcinomacatch bondsdurotaxisfocal adhesionsmetastasis

Identifiers

PMID33691109
PMCPMC7997775
OpenAlexW3133647619

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.