ReviewPeriodontology 20002021
Polymicrobial communities in periodontal disease: Their quasi-organismal nature and dialogue with the host.
Review in Periodontology 2000, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 183 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
183 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 246 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of the Oral Microbiome in Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review of Microbial Associations and Therapeutic Implications.Current microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of oral microbiome reveals sex-based diversity in biofilms during periodontitis.JCI insight · 2024Pooled it
- The association between halitosis and periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Pooled it
- Association between periodontitis and uric acid levels in blood and oral fluids: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2023Pooled it
- Enamel matrix derivative as adjunctive to non-surgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Pooled it
- Real-time qPCR evaluation of amino acids buffered sodium hypochlorite gel as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Impact of systemic resveratrol on non-surgical periodontal treatment of smokers: A 12-month randomized clinical trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Trial
- Effects of water flossing on gingival inflammation and supragingival plaque microbiota: a 12-week randomized controlled trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Trial
- Clinical and microbiological effects of a single application of sodium hypochlorite gel during subgingival re-instrumentation: a triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Trial
- Non-surgical peri-implantitis treatment with or without systemic antibiotics: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Clinical oral implants research · 2022Trial
- Casearia sylvestris Derivatives Inhibit Inflammation and Oxidative Activity and Promote Healing in Human Gingival Fibroblasts - An In Vitro Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2026Article
- The Effects of Bioactive Glass-Containing Toothpastes onDentistry journal · 2026Article
- The Role ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Arginine metabolism as a mutualistic strategy in the interaction between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Filifactor alocis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Polymicrobial-driven NLRP6 inflammasome regulates IL-1β production and alveolar bone loss in a murine model of periodontitis.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- High Gingival Bleeding Burden in Late Pregnancy Is Associated with a Salivary Profile of Inflammatory, Regulatory, and Stress-Response Signals.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Causal associations between gut microbiota and five common oral lesions: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Oxygen-Independent Supramolecular Nanoplatform for Photothermal-Thermodynamic Therapy Against Periodontal Anaerobic Infections.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal immunomodulation with programmable biomaterials to promote musculoskeletal tissue regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Genomic and phenotypic insights into the novel speciesMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
123 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In health, indigenous polymicrobial communities at mucosal surfaces maintain an ecological balance via both inter-microbial and host-microbial interactions that promote their own and the host's fitness, while preventing invasion by exogenous pathogens. However, genetic and acquired destabilizing factors (including immune deficiencies, immunoregulatory defects, smoking, diet, obesity, diabetes and other systemic diseases, and aging) may disrupt this homeostatic balance, leading to selective outgrowth of species with the potential for destructive inflammation. This process, known as dysbiosis, underlies the development of periodontitis in susceptible hosts. The pathogenic process is not linear but involves a positive-feedback loop between dysbiosis and the host inflammatory response. The dysbiotic community is essentially a quasi-organismal entity, where constituent organisms communicate via sophisticated physical and chemical signals and display functional specialization (eg, accessory pathogens, keystone pathogens, pathobionts), which enables polymicrobial synergy and dictates the community's pathogenic potential or nososymbiocity. In this review, we discuss early and recent studies in support of the polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis model of periodontal disease pathogenesis. According to this concept, disease is not caused by individual "causative pathogens" but rather by reciprocally reinforced interactions between physically and metabolically integrated polymicrobial communities and a dysregulated host inflammatory response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.