ReviewPeriodontology 20002021
The dental plaque biofilm matrix.
Review in Periodontology 2000, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 251 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Bristle Brush, Rubber Cup, and Air Polishing on Tooth Surface Roughness of Scaled Teeth: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study Using Scanning Electron Microscope: Randomized Controlled Trial
Evaluation of Clinical and Patient-Reported Outcomes of Laceback: A Split-Mouth Randomised Controlled Trial
Who cites it
251 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 419 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Local Application of Tea Tree Oil Adjunctive to Daily Oral Maintenance and Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Studies.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024Pooled it
- Microbial signatures in human periodontal disease: a metatranscriptome meta-analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Understanding bacterial biofilms: From definition to treatment strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Electrolyzed saline as an alternative to chlorhexidine: Antimicrobial and biofilm volume outcomes in a 4-day non-brushing randomized controlled clinical trial.Journal of periodontology · 2026Trial
- The effect of dental floss sequence on plaque removal efficacy and periodontal health: a randomized controlled trial.BMC oral health · 2026Trial
- Evaluation of plaque removal by triple-headed manual toothbrush: a randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2026Trial
- Effects of Mobile-Based AI-Enhanced Health Counseling on Protection Motivation, Self-Care Behaviors, and Periodontal Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Periodontitis: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of the effects of using an interdental brush dipped in 0.2% hyaluronic acid gel on clinical periodontal parameters among patients with periodontitis: a randomized controlled trial.BMC oral health · 2025Trial
- Application of double-sleeve endotracheal tube in infection control for icu patients: a randomized controlled trial.Head & face medicine · 2025Trial
- Clinical evaluation of a novel protocol for supportive periodontal care: A randomized controlled clinical trial.Journal of periodontology · 2024Trial
- Using patients' oral photographs for oral hygiene motivation promotes periodontal health: a prospective randomized controlled trial.BMC oral health · 2024Trial
- Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Intrabony Periodontal Defects Treated with Hyaluronic Acid or Enamel Matrix Proteins: A 6-Month Prospective Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024Trial
- A proof of principle investigation of a novel enzyme formulation on dental calculus deposition: a 4-week randomized human clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of the additional use of subgingival air-polishing with erythritol powder in the treatment of periodontitis patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Part II: effect on sub-gingival microbiome.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Trial
- Effect of an enzyme-containing mouthwash on the dental biofilm and salivary microbiome in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial.European journal of orthodontics · 2023Trial
- Cleansing efficacy of an auto-cleaning toothbrushing device with nylon bristles: a randomized-controlled pilot study.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Trial
- Electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers loaded with quaternary ammonium compounds for localized eradication of periodontal biofilms.Materials advances · 2026Article
- Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm-Forming Capacity of Oral Biofilm Bacteria in Patients With Periodontitis and Healthy Individuals.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Spatial constraints determine the spread of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance between bacterial colonies.mSystems · 2026Article
- Demystifying Nanotherapeutic Modalities: Unravelling the Mysteries from Antibiofilm Mechanisms to Regenerative and Clinical Translation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
191 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a critical component of microbial biofilms, such as dental plaque, maintaining the spatial arrangement of cells and coordinating cellular functions throughout the structure. The extracellular polymeric substances that comprise the matrix include carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, which are frequently organized into macromolecular complexes and/or are associated with the surfaces of microbial cells within the biofilm. Cariogenic dental plaque is rich in glucan and fructan polysaccharides derived from extracellular microbial metabolism of dietary sucrose. By contrast, the matrix of subgingival dental plaque is a complex mixture of macromolecules that is still not well understood. Components of the matrix escape from microbial cells during lysis by active secretion or through the shedding of vesicles and serve to anchor microbial cells to the tooth surface. By maintaining the biofilm in close association with host tissues, the matrix facilitates interactions between microorganisms and the host. The outcome of these interactions may be the maintenance of health or the development of dental disease, such as caries or periodontitis. The matrix affords microbial cells protection against chemical and physical insults and hinders the eradication of pathogenic dental plaque. Therefore, strategies to control the matrix are critical to maintain oral health. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the composition, origins, and function of the dental plaque matrix, with a focus on subgingival dental plaque. New strategies to control subgingival dental plaque based on targeting the biofilm matrix are also considered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.