ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
N6-methyladenosine modification of HIV-1 RNA suppresses type-I interferon induction in differentiated monocytic cells and primary macrophages.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- NSUN2-mediated m5C modification of HIV-1 RNA enables evasion of RIG‑I‑dependent innate immunity.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Pharmacological METTL3 inhibition attenuates HIV-1 latency reversal in CD4Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- N6-methyladenosine modification in the context of viral infection: from molecular mechanism to therapeutic potential.Virus research · 2026Review
- TRA2A negatively regulates HIV-1-induced macrophage pyroptosis by mediating TXNIP expression in an m6A-dependent manner.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- RNA methylation in cardiovascular remodeling: Molecular mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- METTL14-Mediated Inhibition of Apoptosis via the MAPK and PI3K/AKT Pathways PromotesMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Hydroxylation of the HIV-1 antisense protein promotes immune evasion of HIV-1 via modulation of TBK1.Nature communications · 2026Article
- RNA modification-mediated multidimensional crosstalk: a novel perspective on gene expression regulation.Genome biology · 2026Review
- Elevated mBMC cancer · 2026Article
- A nanopore-based HIV-1 reference epitranscriptome.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Pharmacological METTL3 inhibition attenuates HIV-1 latency reversal in CD4bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- N6-methyladenosine within transmissible gastroenteritis virus genomic RNA inhibits its replication via efficient recognition by RNA sensor RIG-I.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Elevated m 6 A RNA Modifications Associate with Immune Dysregulation and Cancer in People with HIV-1.Research square · 2026Article
- Article
- Nef stabilizes actin to prevent HIV-1 sensing by RIG-I-like receptors.Nature communications · 2025Article
- High-resolution HIV-1 mNAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2025Article
- N6-methyladenosine: a key regulator in ocular disease mechanisms and treatment.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Single-base mJournal of virology · 2025Article
- Impact of NbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Strain-Divergent m6A Landscapes Modulate Nipah Virus Replication and METTL3 Inhibition Attenuates Virulence.Viruses · 2025Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent RNA modification that plays a key role in regulating eukaryotic cellular mRNA functions. RNA m6A modification is regulated by two groups of cellular proteins, writers and erasers that add or remove m6A, respectively. HIV-1 RNA contains m6A modifications that modulate viral infection and gene expression in CD4+ T cells. However, it remains unclear whether m6A modifications of HIV-1 RNA modulate innate immune responses in myeloid cells that are important for antiviral immunity. Here we show that m6A modification of HIV-1 RNA suppresses the expression of antiviral cytokine type-I interferon (IFN-I) in differentiated human monocytic cells and primary monocyte-derived macrophages. Transfection of differentiated monocytic U937 cells with HIV-1 RNA fragments containing a single m6A-modification significantly reduced IFN-I mRNA expression relative to their unmodified RNA counterparts. We generated HIV-1 with altered m6A levels of RNA by manipulating the expression of the m6A erasers (FTO and ALKBH5) or pharmacological inhibition of m6A addition in virus-producing cells, or by treating HIV-1 RNA with recombinant FTO in vitro. HIV-1 RNA transfection or viral infection of differentiated U937 cells and primary macrophages demonstrated that HIV-1 RNA with decreased m6A levels enhanced IFN-I expression, whereas HIV-1 RNA with increased m6A modifications had opposite effects. Our mechanistic studies indicated that m6A of HIV-1 RNA escaped retinoic acid-induced gene I (RIG-I)-mediated RNA sensing and activation of the transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7 that drive IFN-I gene expression. Together, these findings suggest that m6A modifications of HIV-1 RNA evade innate immune sensing in myeloid cells.
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