ArticleInfection2021
SARS-CoV-2-directed antibodies persist for more than six months in a cohort with mild to moderate COVID-19.
Article in Infection, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Short-term and Long-term Rates of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- Selective S1P Receptor Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis Alters CXCL13:CXCR5-Associated Immune Activities Without Impacting Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunity.Neurology and therapy · 2025Article
- Global prevalence of long COVID and its most common symptoms among healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Corrigendum to "The prevalence and long-term health effects of long Covid among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis".EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Neutralization activity of IgG antibody in COVID‑19‑convalescent plasma against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Impact of COVID-19 during pregnancy on placental pathology, maternal and neonatal outcome - A cross-sectional study on anemic term pregnant women from a tertiary care hospital in southern India.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Population-based study of the durability of humoral immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Longitudinal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody immune response in acute and convalescent patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Humoral immunity in dually vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals and in booster-vaccinated COVID-19-convalescent subjects.Infection · 2022Article
- The Proportion of Long-term Response to Anti-N IgG Antibody after 12 Months for COVID-19 Subclinical Infections and a Longitudinal Survey for COVID-19 Subclinical Infections in 2021.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2022Article
- A nationwide questionnaire study of post-acute symptoms and health problems after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Denmark.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Kinetics of anti-nucleocapsid IgG response in COVID-19 immunocompetent convalescent patients.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Beyond Vaccination Rates: A Synthetic Random Proxy Metric of Total SARS-CoV-2 Immunity Seroprevalence in the Community.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Article
- Changes in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Subclasses over Time and in Association with Disease Severity.Viruses · 2022Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response characteristics in COVID-19 patients of different ages.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2022Article
- Omicron's binding to sotrovimab, casirivimab, imdevimab, CR3022, and sera from previously infected or vaccinated individuals.iScience · 2022Article
- Article
- Post-COVID-19 Fatigue and SARS-CoV-2 Specific Humoral and T-Cell Responses in Male and Female Outpatients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- High SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Karaganda, Kazakhstan before the launch of COVID-19 vaccination.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo follow serological immune responses of front-line healthcare workers after PCR-confirmed COVID-19 for a mean of 30 weeks, describe the time-course of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific IgG, IgA and IgM levels and to identify associations of the immune response with symptoms, demographic parameters and severity of disease.
methodsAnti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein-specific IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies were measured at three time points during the 30-week follow-up. COVID-19-specific symptoms were assessed with standardized questionnaires.
results95% of the participants mounted an IgG response with only modest decline after week 12. IgG-type antibodies were still detectable in almost 90% of the subjects at 30 weeks. IgA and IgM responses were less robust and antibody titers decreased more rapidly. At 30 weeks, only 25% still had detectable IgA-type and none had IgM-type antibodies. Higher age and higher disease severity were independently associated with higher IgG antibody levels, albeit with wide variations.
conclusionSerological immune responses after COVID-19 show considerable inter-individual variability, but show an association with increasing age and higher severity of disease. IgG-type anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies remain positive in 90% of the individuals 30 weeks after onset of symptoms.
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