ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2021
The clinical implication of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in patients with breast cancer and its biological function in regulating the function of T lymphocyte.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Soluble PD-L1 as a Prognostic Factor for Immunotherapy Treatment in Solid Tumors: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Prognostic Role of Soluble Programmed Death Ligand 1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- The interplay of the lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 and the soluble immune checkpoint proteins sPD-1/sPD-L1 in breast cancer: tumor-immune cross-talk.Bioscience reports · 2026Article
- Serum sPD-L1 Levels in Early Pregnancy Predict Fetal Growth Restriction and Its Subtypes: A Prospective Nested Case-Control Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Serum programmed death ligand 2 is elevated in cats with mammary carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Circulating sPD-L1 as a tumor microenvironment-derived biomarker: enhancing diagnostic discrimination accuracy in breast cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Assessment of soluble PD-L1 in septic shock in relation to immunosuppressive phenotypes.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- Overcoming resistance to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy: mechanisms, combination strategies, and future directions.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) as a biomarker of durable response and survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Assessing the Clinical Relevance of Soluble PD-1 and PD-L1: A Multi-Cohort Study Across Diverse Tumor Types and Prognostic Implications.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Unveiling the nexus of p53 and PD-L1: insights into immunotherapy resistance mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma.American journal of cancer research · 2025Review
- Therapeutic implications for the PD-1 axis in cerebrovascular injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- PD-L1: From cancer immunotherapy to therapeutic implications in multiple disorders.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Review
- Soluble programmed death ligand 1 as prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving nivolumab, pembrolizumab or atezolizumab therapy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Prognostic significance of soluble PD-L1 in prostate cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Progresses in biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy.MedComm · 2023Review
- Thymoquinone, a Novel Multi-Strike Inhibitor of Pro-Tumorigenic Breast Cancer (BC) Markers: CALR, NLRP3 Pathway and sPD-L1 in PBMCs of HR+ and TNBC Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Association between response to anti-PD-1 treatment and blood soluble PD-L1 and IL-8 changes in patients with NSCLC.Discover oncology · 2023Article
- The predictive role of soluble programmed death ligand 1 in digestive system cancers.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This work investigated the clinical prognostic implications and biological function of plasma soluble programmed cell death ligand 1 in breast cancer patients. Plasma sPD-L1 levels of recurrent/metastatic breast cancer patients were determined, and the association of sPD-L1 levels and metastatic progression-free survival and metastatic overall survival was assessed. The PD-L1 expression on breast cancer cells was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the level of sPD-L1 in the supernatant of breast cancer cells was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, the effect of sPD-L1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of T lymphocytes was detected by WST-1 assay and flow cytometry. The plasma sPD-L1 levels in 208 patients with recurrent/metastatic breast cancer before receiving first-line rescue therapy were measured. The optimal cutoff value of plasma sPD-L1 for predicting disease progression was 8.774 ng/ml. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified high sPD-L1 level (≥ 8.774 ng/ml) and visceral metastasis were independent factors associated with poor prognosis. Relevance analysis showed that the plasma sPD-L1 level was weaklyassociated with some systemic inflammation markers, including white cell count (WBC), absolute monocytecount, and absolute neutrophil count. Furthermore, we found sPD-L1 could be found in supernatant of culture with breast cancer cell line expressing PD-L1 on the cell surface and inhibit T lymphocyte function, playing a negative regulatory role in cellular immunity. sPD-L1 was a good tumor predictive maker in breast cancer and it may play a potentially important role in immune tolerance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.