Observational studyBJS open2021
Prevalence and risk factors for thyroid cancer in patients with multinodular goitre.
Observational study in BJS open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sociodemographic and clinical predictors of malignancy in thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Time for Re-Evaluating the Human Carcinogenicity of Ethylenedithiocarbamate Fungicides? A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Frequency of Thyroid Cancer in Multinodular Goiter Undergoing Thyroidectomy in Tertiary Care Centre in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Clinicopathologic predictors of incidental thyroid cancer in Graves' disease: a single-center retrospective cohort study.Updates in surgery · 2026Article
- Long-term risk of incident thyroid cancer after COVID-19 in patients with thyroid disorder: a multicenter propensity score-matched cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Incidental thyroid carcinoma in surgically treated multinodular goiter: a retrospective study.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Article
- Thyroid Nodules: Diagnosis and Treatment in Primary Care.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2025Review
- Risk of Malignancy in Long-Standing Goiters: A Retrospective Study at Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Sudan.Cureus · 2025Article
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with reduced invasiveness in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A comprehensive analysis and comparative study of the trends in thyroid cancer burden in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, with projections for the next 15 Years.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- The Association ofAnalytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2025Article
- Incidental thyroid carcinoma in an endemic goiter area in Italy: histopathological features and predictors of a common finding.Endocrine · 2024Article
- High Malignancy Risk and Its Predictors in South Indian Patients With Bethesda II Thyroid Nodules.Cureus · 2024Article
- Incidence and Clinical Relevance of Incidental Papillary Carcinoma in Thyroidectomy for Multinodular Goiters.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Clinicopathologic characteristics of incidental thyroid carcinoma in euthyroid patients receiving total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter: A retrospective cohort study.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2022Article
- Risk Factors for Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Series From a Tertiary Referral Center for Thyroid Surgery and Literature Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Association between hashimoto thyroiditis and differentiated thyroid cancer: A single-center experience.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRates of thyroid cancer in patients with multinodular goitre (MNG) vary widely, from 3 per cent in older studies to 35 per cent in more recent studies. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid cancer in patients operated on for MNG, and to determine risk factors for incidental thyroid malignancy.
methodsA prospectively developed database of all patients who underwent thyroidectomy for a benign MNG at the high-volume endocrine surgery unit of a tertiary referral university hospital was interrogated.
resultsA total of 3233 patients were analysed, separated into three groups according to their functional thyroid status (hypothyroid, hyperthyroid or euthyroid). There were 2788 women (86.2 per cent); the mean patient age was 56.4 years and mean preoperative disease duration was 106.2 months. Incidental thyroid cancer was identified in 1026 patients (31.7 per cent), of which 917 (89.4 per cent) were papillary cancers. Multivariable regression analysis identified functional thyroid status, younger age, male sex, smaller adenoma size, smaller thyroid glands, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and chronic non-specific thyroiditis as independent risk factors for thyroid cancer.
conclusionMNG was associated with a considerable rate of incidental thyroid cancer, which has been underestimated. A variety of factors should be taken into account when considering the malignant potential of a presumed benign MNG.
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