ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2021
Risk Factors Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Heterogeneity in Chinese Pregnant Women: A Case-Control Study.
Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Liver Enzyme Biomarkers Before or in Early Pregnancy as Predictors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2026Pooled it
- The association of serum total bile acid levels with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Advances and challenges in the mechanistic understanding of beta-cell dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus.Journal of animal science · 2026Review
- Predicting Risk for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in the Neonate: A Machine Learning Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Subtypes Classified by Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes: Results of a Mexican Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study "Cuido Mi Embarazo".Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Development and validation of risk prediction models for large for gestational age infants using logistic regression and two machine learning algorithms.Journal of diabetes · 2023Article
- Insulin Resistance in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association With Anthropometric Fetal Indices.Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes · 2022Article
- Perspectives from metabolomics in the early diagnosis and prognosis of gestational diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Impact of Pre-Pregnancy Hemoglobin Level on the Association Between Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Single Center in China.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2022Article
- Efficacy and safety of hypoglycemic agents on gestational diabetes mellitus in women: A Bayesian network analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Association of Elevated Plasma FGF21 and Activated FGF21 Signaling in Visceral White Adipose Tissue and Improved Insulin Sensitivity in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Subtype: A Case-Control Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo study the risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) heterogeneity, and to evaluate the correlation between the risk factors and obesity.
methodsWe performed a case-control study of 452 women with GDM and 516 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at the first and second trimester. We defined GDM women as GDM-resistance subtype, GDM-dysfunction subtype, and GDM-mixed subtype, according to their simultaneous insulin-release test with predominant insulin-sensitivity defect, insulin-secretion defect, or both defects.
resultsWe found that higher maternal age, family history of diabetes, the elevated level of fasting blood glucose in the first trimester (≥5.1 mmol/L) were risk factors of all GDM subtypes. Pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and the increased gestational weight gain (GWG) in the first-trimester are risk factors of the GDM-resistance subtype. Indicators including younger age at first menstruation, the elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bile acid (TBA), triglyceride (TG), and the decreased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are risk factors of the GDM-resistance subtype. However, the associations between those risk factors and GDM-resistance subtype attenuated after adjusted by pre-pregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) in the first trimester. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the improved level of TG are independent risk factors for the GDM-resistance subtype and the GDM-mixed subtype, respectively.
conclusionWomen with GDM exhibited heterogeneity based on glycemic physiology and their risk factors are not all the same. Some obesity-related risk factors are specific to the GDM-resistance subtype, which are mediated by pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and the elevated GWG the first-trimester.
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