Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33688185›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of nanomedicine2021

Carbon Nanotubes: Smart Drug/Gene Delivery Carriers.

Hossein Zare, Sepideh Ahmadi, Amir Ghasemi, Mohammad Ghanbari, Navid Rabiee, Mojtaba Bagherzadeh, Mahdi Karimi, Thomas J Webster, Michael R Hamblin, Ebrahim Mostafavi

Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of nanomedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 125 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
125citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

125 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Assessing ZnScientific reports · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Advancing brain immunotherapy through functional nanomaterials.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. MiRNA-based drugs: challenges and delivery strategies.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025
    Review
  20. Review

65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Hossein ZareAdvances Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0003-1496-0785
Sepideh AhmadiStudent Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Amir GhasemiDepartment of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
Mohammad GhanbariSchool of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Navid RabieeDepartment of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-6945-8541
Mojtaba BagherzadehDepartment of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Mahdi KarimiCellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-7977-3940
Thomas J WebsterApplied Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, MA, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-2028-5969
Michael R HamblinLaser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-6431-4605
Ebrahim MostafaviApplied Biotechnology Research Centre, Tehran Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, MA, Iran.ORCID 0000-0003-3958-5002

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The unique properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (such as their high surface to volume ratios, enhanced conductivity and strength, biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, optical properties, etc.) have led to their consideration to serve as novel drug and gene delivery carriers. CNTs are effectively taken up by many different cell types through several mechanisms. CNTs have acted as carriers of anticancer molecules (including docetaxel (DTX), doxorubicin (DOX), methotrexate (MTX), paclitaxel (PTX), and gemcitabine (GEM)), anti-inflammatory drugs, osteogenic dexamethasone (DEX) steroids, etc. In addition, the unique optical properties of CNTs have led to their use in a number of platforms for improved photo-therapy. Further, the easy surface functionalization of CNTs has prompted their use to deliver different genes, such as plasmid DNA (PDNA), micro-RNA (miRNA), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) as gene delivery vectors for various diseases such as cancers. However, despite all of these promises, the most important continuous concerns raised by scientists reside in CNT nanotoxicology and the environmental effects of CNTs, mostly because of their non-biodegradable state. Despite a lack of widespread FDA approval, CNTs have been studied for decades and plenty of in vivo and in vitro reports have been published, which are reviewed here. Lastly, this review covers the future research necessary for the field of CNT medicine to grow even further.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsGene Transfer TechniquesDrug CarriersEndocytosisHumansNanotubes, CarbonNeoplasmsDrug CarriersNanotubes, Carboncarbon nanotubedrug deliverygene deliveryprecision medicine

Identifiers

PMID33688185
PMCPMC7936533

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.