Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33688049›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Evidence of a liquid-liquid transition in a glass-forming ionic liquid.

Matthew A Harris, Thomas Kinsey, Durgesh V Wagle, Gary A Baker, Joshua Sangoro

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Effect of Cation Symmetry on the Long-Range Ordering in Ionic Liquid Films.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2026
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  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
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  10. Article
  11. Do Ionic Liquids Slow Down in Stages?Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2023
    Article
  12. Physical and Electrochemical Analysis ofInorganic chemistry · 2023
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Tailoring Phosphonium Ionic Liquids for a Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition.The journal of physical chemistry letters · 2023
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Matthew A HarrisDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996.
Thomas KinseyDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-4449
Durgesh V WagleDepartment of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965.
Gary A BakerDepartment of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3052-7730
Joshua SangoroDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996; jsangoro@utk.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-9528

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A liquid-liquid transition (LLT) is a transformation from one liquid to another through a first-order transition. The LLT is fundamental to the understanding of the liquid state and has been reported in a few materials such as silicon, phosphorus, triphenyl phosphite, and water. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the unique properties of materials such as water, which is critical for life on the planet, are linked to the existence of the LLT. However, the experimental evidence for the existence of an LLT in many molecular liquids remains controversial, due to the prevalence and high propensity of the materials to crystallize. Here, we show evidence of an LLT in a glass-forming trihexyltetradecylphosphonium borohydride ionic liquid that shows no tendency to crystallize under normal laboratory conditions. We observe a step-like increase in the static dielectric permittivity at the transition. Furthermore, the sizes of nonpolar local domains and ion-coordination numbers deduced from wide-angle X-ray scattering also change abruptly at the LLT. We independently corroborate these changes in local organization using Raman spectroscopy. The experimental access to the evolution of local order and structural dynamics across a liquid-liquid transition opens up unprecedented possibilities to understand the nature of the liquid state.

Indexed as

glass transitionionic liquidsliquid–liquid transitionmesoscale organization

Identifiers

PMID33688049
PMCPMC7980364

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.