ArticleJMIR formative research2021
An Acute Stress Scale for Health Care Professionals Caring for Patients With COVID-19: Validation Study.
Article in JMIR formative research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors Influencing the Acceptance and Adoption of Mobile Health Apps by Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2023Pooled it
- The Impact of the Burden of COVID-19 Regulatory Reporting in a Small Independent Hospital and a Large Network Hospital: Comparative Mixed Methods Study.Online journal of public health informatics · 2025Article
- Enhancing hospital protection measures reduces frontline medical workers' stress during the pandemic.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Turkish Validity and Reliability of the Self-Applied Acute Stress Scale (EASE) for Healthcare Providers.Psychiatry journal · 2024Article
- Development and initial psychometric evaluation of a COVID-related psychosocial experiences questionnaire for cancer survivors.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Coping Strategies Used by Health Care Workers in Ecuador During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study to Enhance Resilience and Develop Training Tools.JMIR human factors · 2023Observational
- Acute Stress in Health Workers in Colombia 2017-2021: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- Social support for overcoming fear of contagion at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional study in Latin America.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Contributing factors for acute stress in healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador.Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- Sources of psychological distress among primary care physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic's first wave in Spain: a cross-sectional study.Primary health care research & development · 2021Article
- Risk Factors of Psychological Responses of Chinese University Students During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Cross-sectional Web-Based Survey Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected the response capacity of the health care workforce, and health care professionals have been experiencing acute stress reactions since the beginning of the pandemic. In Spain, the first wave was particularly severe among the population and health care professionals, many of whom were infected. These professionals required initial psychological supports that were gradual and in line with their conditions.
objectiveIn the early days of the pandemic in Spain (March 2020), this study aimed to design and validate a scale to measure acute stress experienced by the health care workforce during the care of patients with COVID-19: the Self-applied Acute Stress Scale (EASE).
methodsItem development, scale development, and scale evaluation were considered. Qualitative research was conducted to produce the initial pool of items, assure their legibility, and assess the validity of the content. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach α and McDonald ω. Confirmatory factor analysis and the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test were used to assess construct validity. Linear regression was applied to assess criterion validity. Back-translation methodology was used to translate the scale into Portuguese and English.
resultsA total of 228 health professionals from the Spanish public health system responded to the 10 items of the EASE scale. Internal consistency was .87 (McDonald ω). Goodness-of-fit indices confirmed a two-factor structure, explaining 55% of the variance. As expected, the highest level of stress was found among professionals working in health services where a higher number of deaths from COVID-19 occurred (P<.05).
conclusionsThe EASE scale was shown to have adequate metric properties regarding consistency and construct validity. The EASE scale could be used to determine the levels of acute stress among the health care workforce in order to give them proportional support according to their needs during emergency conditions, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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