ReviewPhysiological reports2021
Between two storms, vasoactive peptides or bradykinin underlie severity of COVID-19?
Review in Physiological reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood-Brain Barrier Changes and Related Microvascular Outcomes in Long-COVID: A Comprehensive Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Discovery of a pyridine-piperazine-based small molecule that enhances the activity of peptidase neurolysin.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2026Article
- Angiotensin receptor blockers could be superior to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in COVID-19 management: the potential role of bradykinin.Irish journal of medical science · 2024Article
- Review
- The role of Substance P in the defense line of the respiratory tract and neurological manifestations post COVID-19 infection.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Impact of COVID-19 pneumonia on pulmonary vascular volume.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Neuropeptides, New Ligands of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein, a Potential Link between Replication, Inflammation and Neurotransmission.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Pathophysiology of Post-COVID syndromes: a new perspective.Virology journal · 2022Review
- Acute acalculous cholecystitis as an early manifestation of COVID-19: case report and literature review.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Review
- A Review of the Potential Roles of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacological Approaches for the Management of Mild-to-Moderate Symptomatic COVID-19.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2022Article
- Bradykinin-target therapies in SARS-CoV-2 infection: current evidence and perspectives.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2022Review
- The interacting physiology of COVID-19 and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Key agents for treatment.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2022Review
- Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of COVID-19-associated neurological manifestations.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Structures of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and applications for novel drug development.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- The des-ArgFrontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Identification and Characterization of Two Structurally Related Dipeptides that Enhance Catalytic Efficiency of Neurolysin.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2021Article
- Repurposing methylene blue in the management of COVID-19: Mechanistic aspects and clinical investigations.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2021Review
- Between two storms, vasoactive peptides or bradykinin underlie severity of COVID-19?Physiological reports · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to be a world-wide pandemic with overwhelming socioeconomic impact. Since inflammation is one of the major causes of COVID-19 complications, the associated molecular mechanisms have been the focus of many studies to better understand this disease and develop improved treatments for patients contracting SARS-CoV-2. Among these, strong emphasis has been placed on pro-inflammatory cytokines, associating severity of COVID-19 with so-called "cytokine storm." More recently, peptide bradykinin, its dysregulated signaling or "bradykinin storm," has emerged as a primary mechanism to explain COVID-19-related complications. Unfortunately, this important development may not fully capture the main molecular players that underlie the disease severity. To this end, in this focused review, several lines of evidence are provided to suggest that in addition to bradykinin, two closely related vasoactive peptides, substance P and neurotensin, are also likely to drive microvascular permeability and inflammation, and be responsible for development of COVID-19 pathology. Furthermore, based on published experimental observations, it is postulated that in addition to ACE and neprilysin, peptidase neurolysin (Nln) is also likely to contribute to accumulation of bradykinin, substance P and neurotensin, and progression of the disease. In conclusion, it is proposed that "vasoactive peptide storm" may underlie severity of COVID-19 and that simultaneous inhibition of all three peptidergic systems could be therapeutically more advantageous rather than modulation of any single mechanism alone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.