ArticlePharmaceutical research2021
Micro Freeze-Dryer and Infrared-Based PAT: Novel Tools for Primary Drying Design Space Determination of Freeze-Drying Processes.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Principles of Freeze-Drying and Application of Analytical Technologies.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- On the Use of Temperature Measurements as a Process Analytical Technology (PAT) for the Monitoring of a Pharmaceutical Freeze-Drying Process.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Investigation of the Freezing Phenomenon in Vials Using an Infrared Camera.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposePresent (i) an infrared (IR)-based Process Analytical Technology (PAT) installed in a lab-scale freeze-dryer and (ii) a micro freeze-dryer (MicroFD®) as effective tools for freeze-drying design space calculation of the primary drying stage.
methodsThe case studies investigated are the freeze-drying of a crystalline (5% mannitol) and of an amorphous (5% sucrose) solution processed in 6R vials. The heat (K
resultsThe IR-based method allows a non-gravimetric estimation of the K
conclusionsThe proposed tools can be effectively used for design space calculation in substitution of other well-spread methods. Their advantages are mainly the less laborious K
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