ReviewAnnals of hematology2021
Association between ABO blood types and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), genetic associations, and underlying molecular mechanisms: a literature review of 23 studies.
Review in Annals of hematology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Microbiological research · 2023Pooled it
- Association of ABO blood group and coronary heart disease in blood donors-Results from a cohort study in Australia.Transfusion · 2026Article
- Integrating Host Genetics and Clinical Setting in Machine Learning Models: Predicting COVID-19 Prognosis for Healthcare Decision-Making (The FeMiNa Study).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Genetic patterns related to von Willebrand factor: implications on the need for mechanical ventilation, severity, and death in COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Immunity and Coagulation in COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Association between ABO blood type and coronavirus disease 2019 severe outcomes across dominant variant strains.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- The value of using COVID-19 antibody tests as a potential approach to prioritize vaccination delivery.PloS one · 2024Article
- Article
- Risk Factors for Severe-Critical COVID-19 in Pregnant Women.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Impact of ABO Blood Group, Hematological, and Biochemical Abnormalities on Incidence of Patients Infected with COVID-19.Archives of Razi Institute · 2023Article
- Blood Type Associated with the Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Pregnant Women.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A Pilot Study on COVID-19 Positive Subjects: An Excerpt of Post-Infection-Pro-Diabetic Disposition & Related Consequences in Correlation to Hepato-Pancreatic Bio-Markers, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Other Risk Factors.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2023Article
- ABO Blood Groups and Incidence of COVID-19 in the Mass Gathering Events in Borriana (Spain), March 2020: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A large cohort study of the effects of Lewis, ABO, 13 other blood groups, and secretor status on COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and long COVID-19.Transfusion · 2023Article
- Association of ABO blood types and clinical variables with COVID-19 infection severity in Libya.SAGE open medicine · 2023Article
- Analysis between ABO blood group and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients and the potential mediating role of ACE2.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Glycosylation in SARS-CoV-2 variants: A path to infection and recovery.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Review
- Association Between ABO Blood Group System and COVID-19 Severity.American journal of clinical pathology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
An association of various blood types and the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been found in a number of publications. The aim of this literature review is to summarize key findings related to ABO blood types and COVID-19 infection rate, symptom presentation, and outcome. Summarized findings include associations between ABO blood type and higher infection susceptibility, intubation duration, and severe outcomes, including death. The literature suggests that blood type O may serve as a protective factor, as individuals with blood type O are found COVID-19 positive at far lower rates. This could suggest that blood type O individuals are less susceptible to infection, or that they are asymptomatic at higher rates and therefore do not seek out testing. We also discuss genetic associations and potential molecular mechanisms that drive the relationship between blood type and COVID-19. Studies have found a strong association between a locus on a specific gene cluster on chromosome three (chr3p21.31) and outcome severity, such as respiratory failure. Cellular models have suggested an explanation for blood type modulation of infection, evidencing that spike protein/Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-dependent adhesion to ACE2-expressing cell lines was specifically inhibited by monoclonal or natural human anti-A antibodies, so individuals with non-A blood types, specifically O, or B blood types, which produce anti-A antibodies, may be less susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection due to the inhibitory effects of anti-A antibodies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.